Paragraph: (History-Anthropology/oanc-HistoryJapan-9.txt)
Sent 1: Tokugawa Takes All: When Hideyoshi died in 1598, he hoped to have his five-year-old son continue his "dynasty," initially under the tutelage of five regents.
Sent 2: But one of the regents was Ieyasu Tokugawa, who had been biding his time at Edo for 12 years, nurturing dynastic ambitions of his own.
Sent 3: Of the cunning, ruthless triumvirate that came out on top at the end of the country's century of civil war, Tokugawa was without doubt the most patient, the most prudent — and most treacherous.
Sent 4: He moved quickly to eliminate his strongest rivals, crushing them in 1600 at the great Battle of Sekigahara (near modern Nagoya).
Sent 5: During its subsequent two and a half centuries of rule from the new capital established at Edo, the Tokugawa organized a tightly controlled coalition of some 260 daimyo in strategic strongholds throughout the country.
Sent 6: The allegiance of this highly privileged and prestigious group was ensured by cementing their ethical principles in the code of bushido, "The way of the warrior": loyalty to one's master, defense of one's status and honor, and fulfillment of all obligations.
Sent 7: Loyalty was further enforced by holding the vassals' wives and children hostage in Edo.
Sent 8: All roads into Edo, the most famous being the Tokaido Highway, had checkpoints for guns coming in and for wives going out.
Sent 9: One of the most effective ways of keeping a tight rein on the country was to cut it off from the outside world, to keep Japan Japanese.
Sent 10: At first, Ieyasu Tokugawa was eager to promote foreign trade.
Sent 11: He wanted silk and encouraged the Dutch and British as good, nonproselytizing Protestants just interested in trade.
Sent 12: But he didn't like the Portuguese and Spanish Catholic missionaries, who he felt were undermining traditional Japanese values.
Sent 13: He banned their activities in 1612 and two years later ordered the expulsion of all missionaries and unrepentant Japanese converts.
Sent 14: Executions and torture followed.
Sent 15: Converts were forced to renounce their faith by trampling crucifixes and effigies of Jesus and Mary.
Sent 16: The Catholic Church has counted 3,125 martyrs in Japan from 1597 (beginning under Hideyoshi) to 1660.
Sent 17: In 1635 the Japanese were forbidden, on pain of death, to attempt to travel abroad, and Japanese citizens already overseas were prevented from returning, in case they brought back subversive Christian doctrines.
Sent 18: Western books were banned, as were Chinese books that mentioned Christianity.

Question: What three traits are credited with Tokugawa's victory at the Battle of Sekigahara? (true/0)

The most patient, the bravest and the most prudent
The bravest, the kindest, and the the smartest
Patience, prudence, and treachery
The most patient, the most prudent, the most treacherous
Patience, cleverness, and loyalty
Cunning, ruthless, controlling

Question: Who succeeded Hideyoshi from his stronghold in Edo? (true/1)

Question: Who crushed their rivals in 1600 at the great Battle of Sekigahara? (false/2)

Question: Who did not like the Portuguese and Spanish Catholic missionaries? (false/3)

Question: What was one cruel way in which the Bushido Code was enforced? (true/4)

Question: What actions did the Tokugawa take towards missionaries and those who converted to Catholicism? (false/5)

Question: Contrast Tokugawa's attitude toward the British and Dutch traders and the Portuguese and Spanish missionaries. (true/6)

Question: How many regents where there and how many had ambitions of their own? (true/7)

Question: Give an important date in Japanese history that marks the "closing of Japan" to the outside world and give three examples of this isolation policy. (true/8)

Question: Who wanted silk and also encouraged the Dutch and British as good, non-proselytizing Protestants just interested in trade? (true/9)

Question: How was loyalty enforced in the bushido? (true/10)

Paragraph: (History-Anthropology/oanc-Amsterdam-History-6.txt)
Sent 1: Expansion quickly peaked however, and the European powers who had carved up the New World set about testing each other in dynastic conflicts and colonial rivalry.
Sent 2: The English were the main rivals of the Dutch on the high seas, and there were several wars between the two in the 17th and 18th centuries.
Sent 3: In 1665–1667 the Dutch sailed up the River Medway and sank the British fleet moored there.
Sent 4: The 18th century saw Amsterdam grow into the foremost financial center in the world, but the seeds of decline had already been planted.
Sent 5: When the English colonies in New England rose up in revolt against the British, they found ready Ailies in the Dutch.
Sent 6: From their colonies in the Caribbean they sent caches of arms and ammunition.
Sent 7: The British were furious and went to war in 1780, destroying the Dutch navy and signaling a sudden decline in power and influence from which the Netherlands never recovered.
Sent 8: Trade suffered to such an extent that in 1791 the VOC went into liquidation.
Sent 9: In the latter part of the century there were anti-Orange demonstrations by pro-French factions in the country, and in 1795 Napoleon Bonaparte took the Netherlands in his epic march across Europe.
Sent 10: Under the yoke of another foreign power, and with trade at an all time low, the Golden Age was truly dead.
Sent 11: The Return of the House of Orange Napoleon installed his brother Louis as King of Holland and he chose to take the fine Town Hall on Dam Square as his palace — now the Koninklijk Palace.
Sent 12: But only four years later he fled the city after civil disturbances broke out when he raised taxes.
Sent 13: When Napoleon's bubble burst and French power began to wane, William of Orange emerged from exile and was proclaimed king in 1813.
Sent 14: Amsterdam had to work its way out of economic decline, but throughout the 19th century the city grew steadily.
Sent 15: Industrialization changed the city.
Sent 16: With the building of the Central Station at the end of the century, Amsterdam turned its back on its seafaring past and looked towards the mechanical age for its future.
Sent 17: The station was built over the old harbor wall and some of the oldest canals in the city center were filled in to allow better access to motorized vehicles.
Sent 18: Dam Square was landlocked for the first time in its history.

Question: In the 17th and 18th century the English and the Dutch were main rivals on the high seas, who did they fight that made them become Ailies? (true/0)

Question: In the 1700's, who sent arms and ammunition, from their colonies in the Caribbean, to battle the British? (true/1)

The Dutch
British Colonies
French
Dutch Navy

Question: Did Amsterdam grow into the foremost financial center in the world before or after the Dutch sailed up the River Medway and sank a British fleet? (true/2)

Before
After

Question: What caused Dam Square to become landlocked for the first time in its history? (true/3)

When Louis was installed as King and took the Town Hall on Dam Square as his palace
Due to Amsterdam's economic decline
The station was built over the old harbor wall and some of the oldest canals in the city center were filled in to allow better access to motorized vehicles
Canals in the city center were filled in
After Central Station was built over the old harbor
The government

Question: Why did trade suffer to such a severe extent in 1791? (true/4)

British influence
Because of war with the colonies
Because VOC went into liquidation
Dutch navy destroyed
Because of the war between Britain and the Netherlands

Question: How many years passed between when the VOC went into liquidation and when William of Orange was proclaimed king? (true/5)

20
22 years
Bubble burst
22

Question: The building of the Central Station occurred at the end of which century? (false/6)

19th
18th
19th Century
Industrialization

Question: Who was forced to flee after he raised taxes and civil disturbances broke out? (true/7)

Question: Why did the British go to war with the Netherlands in 1780? (true/8)

Supplying ammunition to colonies
Because they became Ailies to the English and sent weapons to the English
Because trade was suffering
Dutch Rivals
Because they found out the Dutch were supplying the British colonies with ammunition

Question: Whom were the post Revolutionary War kings of the Netherlands? (false/9)

The king of England
King Louis and William of Orange
Napoleon Bonaparte and Louis
Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleon's brother Louis and William of Orange
William of Orange and Napoleon Bonaparte
William of Orange and Napoleon's brother Louis
Napoleon installed brother and the exiled William of Orange after him

Question: How many years passed between when the British furiously went to war, destroying the Dutch navy, and when the VOC went into liquidation? (true/10)

1791
11 years
11
10

Question: What year signaled that the Netherlands's "Golden Age was truly dead?" (true/11)

1791
1795
Anti orange demonstrations
After

Question: Why did Britain go to war with the Netherlands in 1780? (false/12)

Because they were upset that the Dutch were supplying the British colonies with ammunition
Influencing british colonies
The Dutch were sending the English colonies caches of arms and ammunition
Because the golden age was dead
More control

Question: Napoleon took the Netherlands in 1795, where did he take for his palace? (true/13)

Town Hall on Dam Square
The House of Orange
On the bank of the River Medway
The centre square

Question: Who sent caches of arms and ammunition to the English colonies? (true/14)

The Dutch
Foreign powers
French
Dutch from the Carribean

Question: Why are the Dutch no longer a powerful force in the world of trade? (false/15)

Because they started to decline as an outcome from the dynastic and colonial wars against other European powers
A faster trade route was discovered
The British destroyed the Dutch navy
The unrecoverable destruction of their ships and ports by the British
Trade tariffs were imposed on the Dutch
Because they focused on industrialization and abandoned the seas
Because they were defeated by the English fleet and Napoleon's army
Because of an economic crisis

Question: What foreign power took over at the death of the Netherland's Golden Age? (true/16)

French
Napoleon Bonaparte
British

Question: How many times were ships destroyed during the multiple conflicts between England and the Dutch? (true/17)

8
4
Three times in the 19th century
Two times between 17th and 18th centuries
There were no ships sank in the British-Dutch wars
6
2
The Dutch sank the British fleet in 17th century and the British sank Dutch navy in 18th century

Question: The Netherlands depended on what for their economic stability and gain? (true/18)

Seafaring in the past and mechanical age since 19th century
Trade
Taxes
The sea trade, the financial activity and industrialization sice 19th century
Its military treaties with European powers
Trade and industrialization
Its agriculture and raw materials
Military Strength

Question: The "Golden Age" was considered dead after who took control of the Netherlands? (true/19)

Question: Which countries did the Netherlands have problems with? (true/20)

Question: How many times did the English and Dutch fight each other? (true/21)

Paragraph: (History-Anthropology/oanc-HistoryMalaysia-1.txt)
Sent 1: Over the centuries, the living here has always been easy enough to attract a steady stream of immigrants.
Sent 2: Bountiful food sources might have made Malaysia an inviting place for the contemporaries of Java Man — in 230,000 b.c.
Sent 3: But thus far, the country's earliest traces of homo sapiens, found in the Niah Caves of northern Sarawak, are fragments of a skull dating to 40,000 b.c.
Sent 4: On the peninsula, the oldest human-related relics (10,000 b.c.
Sent 5: ) are Stone Age tools of the Negritos.
Sent 6: These small, dark Melanesians are related in type to Australian aborigines and are confined today to the forests of the northern highlands.
Sent 7: By 2,000 b.c.
Sent 8: , these timid, gentle nomads hunting with bow and arrow were driven back from the coasts by waves of sturdy immigrants arriving in outrigger canoes equipped with sails.
Sent 9: Mongolians from South China and Polynesian and Malay peoples from the Philippines and the Indonesian islands settled along the rivers of the peninsula and northern Borneo.
Sent 10: They practiced a slash-and-burn agriculture of yams and millet, a technique that exhausted the soil and imposed a semi-nomadic existence from one jungle clearing to another.
Sent 11: Families lived in wooden longhouses like those still to be seen today among the Iban peoples of Sarawak.
Sent 12: Another unit was added on to the communal dwelling each time a marriage created a new family.
Sent 13: Other tough migrants from the South Seas settled along the coasts — sailors, fishermen, traders (for the most part pirates) — known euphemistically as orang laut (sea people).

Question: What are the oldest, human related relics on the Penisula? (true/0)

Mongolians
Negritos
10000 b.c
Stone Age tools of the Negritos

Question: Who were the timid,gentle nomads who were driven back from the coasts? (false/1)

Question: Where can the Negritos be found today? (true/2)

Question: What might have attracted early immigrants to Malaysia? (false/3)

Long wooden houses
Food resources
Plenty of land
Bountiful food sources

Question: Who used to practice a slash-and-burn agriculture of yams and millet? (true/4)

Malay peoples from the Philippines
Mongolians
Mongolians from South China and Polynesian and Malay peoples from the Philippines and the Indonesian islands
Iban
Malay peoples
Malaysians
Polynesians

Question: What were the oldest human-related relics found on the peninsula? (true/5)

Skulls
Stone Age tools of the Negritos
Bow and arrow

Question: What did the Mongolians and Malay do to the Negritos? (true/6)

They settled on their land
They drove them back when they landed on the shores
They drove them back from the coast
Drove them back from the coasts
They gave special place for them

Question: What year are the earliest human traces in Malaysia from? (true/7)

Question: What would be added to the wooden longhouses of the Iban people, when they were married? (false/8)

Sails
Another unit
A log
Another unit was added on to the communal dwelling each time a marriage created a new family

Question: What peoples practiced slash and burn agriculture techniques? (false/9)

Question: What are the oldest human-related relics in the peninsula? (true/10)

Houses on trees
2,000 B.C
Stone Age tools of the Negritos
10,000 B.C

Question: Why did the wooden longhouses grow larger over time? (true/11)

When new migrants came in
They addes houses all over the area
They added a unit any time a new family was made through marriage
They grew each time a marriage made a new family
Marriages created new families

Question: What is the name of the people who are confined today to the forests of the northern highlands? (false/12)

Malaysians
Mongolians
The Negritos
Melanesians

Paragraph: (History-Anthropology/oanc-HistoryMallorca-4.txt)
Sent 1: French and British Ties and Occupation: The daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella married the son and heir of the Holy Roman Emperor, Maximilian of Hapsburg.
Sent 2: The Spanish crown duly passed to the Hapsburgs, and Spain remained in their hands until the feeble-minded Carlos II died in 1700, leaving no heir.
Sent 3: France seized the chance to install the young grandson of Louis XIV on the Spanish throne.
Sent 4: A rival Hapsburg claimant was supported by Austria and Britain, who saw a powerful Spanish-French alliance as a major threat.
Sent 5: In the subsequent War of the Spanish Succession (1702 –1713) most of the old kingdom of Aragón, including the Balearics, backed the Hapsburgs.
Sent 6: Britain seized Gibraltar — in the name of the Hapsburg claimant — and retained it when the war was over.
Sent 7: In 1708 Britain captured Menorca, and the magnificent harbor of Mahón (Maó), for the Royal Navy.
Sent 8: England clung to it even when Bourbon forces captured Mallorca at the end of the war.
Sent 9: Menorca changed hands between Britain, France, and Spain five more times in less than a century.
Sent 10: Britain finally ceded the island to Spain in the year 1802, under the terms of the Treaty of Amiens.
Sent 11: By 1805, Spain was once more aligned with France, and Spanish ships fought alongside the French against Nelson at Trafalgar.
Sent 12: Napoleon came to distrust his Spanish ally and forcibly replaced the king of Spain with his own brother, Joseph Bonaparte.
Sent 13: A French army marched in to subdue the country.
Sent 14: The Spanish resisted and, aided by British troops commanded by the Duke of Wellington, drove the French out.
Sent 15: What British historians call the Peninsular War (1808–1814) is known in Spain as the War of Independence.
Sent 16: In the 19th century, practically all of Spain’s possessions in the Americas broke away in the wake of the Napoleonic Wars, and the few that remained were lost at the end of the 19th century.
Sent 17: The Balearics, further neglected, were beset with poverty and outbreaks of disease.
Sent 18: However, toward the 20th century, things began to improve on the islands, with Mallorca reaping the rewards of successful agricultural crops and Menorca launching an export shoe industry.

Question: What island did Britain finally cede to Spain in the year 1802? (false/additional)

Question: A French army marched in to subdue which country? (false/challenge)

Question: What did England cling to, after Bourbon forces captured Mallorca at the end of the war? (false/additional)

Question: How many years passed between the death of Carlos II and the start of the War of the Spanish Succession? (false/challenge)

Question: What is the name of the island that Britain ceded to Spain in 1802? (false/challenge)

Question: How many years passed between when the Spanish fought alongside the French against Nelson at Trafalgar and the start of the Peninsular War? (false/challenge)

3 years
12 years
9 years
6 years

Question: In what century was the Balearics beset with poverty and outbreaks of disease? (false/challenge)

19th
18th
20th

Question: Approximately how many centuries passed between the War of the Spanish Succession and when things began to improve on Mallorca and Menorca? (false/challenge)

Two
4
3
One

Paragraph: (History-Anthropology/oanc-Algarve-History-3.txt)
Sent 1: To protect its seagoing interests and trade routes, Portugal established strategic garrisons in Goa (India), Malacca (East Indies), and Hormuz in the Persian Gulf.
Sent 2: Portuguese explorers then embarked upon Macau (now Macao), the Congo, and various other parts of Africa, including the Sudan.
Sent 3: The Portuguese policy was to avoid armed strife and to develop a trade empire, rather than to conquer nations.
Sent 4: To this end it succeeded with relatively few blood-soaked episodes in its colonial history.
Sent 5: Adventures abroad, however, proved disastrous during the second half of the 16th century.
Sent 6: In 1557 the 14-year-old boy-king Sebastião ascended the throne, the beginning of a calamitous reign that was to end at the battle of Alcacer-Quiber (Morocco) in pursuit of a vain crusade.
Sent 7: Sebastião's untimely demise, alongside some 18,000 ill-prepared, badly led followers, set the stage for a crisis of succession.
Sent 8: For many years afterwards, legends and rumors bizarrely insisted that the king was still alive, and imposters turned up from time to time claiming the throne; those who were plausible enough to be deemed a threat were summarily executed.
Sent 9: In fact, the only rightful claimant to the crown was the elderly Prince Henry.
Sent 10: But after two years of alternating between the throne and his sickbed, he died, heirless.
Sent 11: Surveying the situation and smelling an opportunity, Spain occupied the power vacuum, and Portugal's neighbor and long-time antagonist became its master.
Sent 12: Spanish rule dictated Portugal's inadvertent involvement in Spain's ongoing wars.
Sent 13: In 1587 a squadron of British ships commanded by Francis Drake attacked the Algarve (now a "legitimate target" as Spanish territory) and sacked Sagres, thus depriving the world of the relics of Henry the Navigator.
Sent 14: Nine years later Faro was torched.
Sent 15: The 1386 Treaty of Windsor, by which Britain and Portugal had pledged eternal friendship, seemed a distant memory.
Sent 16: Portugal's empire was gradually eroded, and many of its trading posts (with the notable exception of Brazil) were picked off by the British and Dutch.
Sent 17: Finally, after 60 years of Spanish rule, Portuguese noblemen (aided by the French, then at war with Spain) organized a palace coup and restored independence.
Sent 18: The Great Disaster Portugal's greatest misfortune struck on All Saint's Day, 1 November 1755.

Question: Who became sick and died heirless? (true/0)

Francis Drake
Francis Drake became sick
Prince Henry became sick
Prince Henry

Question: Why was Portugal's conquest of many ports said to not be "blood-soaked"? (false/1)

They made the survivors leave the area
Because Portuguese chose to avoid armed strife and to develop a trade instead
Because Portuguese noblemen organized a palace coup
They didn't kill the survivors
The Portuguese policy was to avoid armed strife and to develop a trade empire, rather than to conquer nations. To this end it succeeded with relatively few blood-soaked episodes in its colonial history
They made the survivors slaves
They sought to develop trade routes, not conquer nations
Because the 1386 Treaty of Windsor forbade it

Question: The death of Sebastião and 18,000 followers was precipitated by what event? (false/2)

Question: What happened during Sebastião's reign as king? (true/3)

Nothing
His reign ended at the Battle of Morocco
He died after two years
Sebastião ascended the throne at 14, and died as a result of the battle of Alcacer-Quiber (Morocco). It was rumored that he survived
The end of the battle of Alcacer-Quiber
They conquered a nation

Question: The Great Disaster occurred how many years after the sacking of Sagres? (true/4)

200
60 years later
168
168 years after sacking of Sagres

Question: In what year was Faro burned? (false/5)

Question: What happened to Prince Henry? (true/6)

HE had a baby
He was the only rightful claimant to the throne, but he died after two years of alternating between the throne and his sickbed
He was the greatest ruler
He died
He died at the throne
He ruled for a full term

Question: What action by Francis Drake, made the 1386 Treaty of Windsor a distant memory? (true/7)

Francis Drake slaughtered a whole village with his men
When SebastiÃ£o ascended the throne
Drake lead a peace keeping meeting that ended in fighting
Francis Drake led British ships in attacking Algarve and sacking Sagres
When Francis Drake attacked the Algarve
Francis Drake attacked the Algarve (now a âlegitimate targetâ as Spanish territory) and sacked Sagres, thus depriving the world of the relics of Henry the Navigator
Drake broke the treaty
When the British refused to destroy Faro
When Faro was torched

Question: What ended the pledge of eternal peace with England? (false/8)

Spain's new involvement with Portugal caused Portugal to become enmeshed in Spain's war with Britain and the British attached Portugal
Treaty of Windsor
The Great Disaster
Prince Henry
Treaty of Portugal

Question: How long after Sebastião ascended to the throne did British ships commanded by Francis Drake sack Sagres? (true/9)

Question: Which king's death was followed by legends and rumors bizarrely insisting that he was still alive? (true/10)

Question: Sebastião took the throne how many years before the attack on the Algarve by the British? (true/11)

1557-1587
30
30 years before
20

Question: Why was the Algarve considered a legitimate target when it was attacked by Francis Drake? (true/12)

Because it was torched
It was spanish territory
Spain took control of Portugal which meant Portugal became involved in Spain's wars
Because Sagres did not have to be sacked
Francis drake was on it

Question: What policy played an important role in helping Portugal to have relatively few blood-soaked episodes in its colonial history? (false/13)

They conquered many nations
Treaty of Windsor
They avoided armed strife and developed a trade empire
To avoid armed strife and to develop a trade empire, rather than to conquer nations
Portugal wanted to avoid armed strife and to develop a trade empire, rather than to conquer nations

Question: Who died after two years of alternating between the throne and his sickbed? (true/14)

Francis Drake
SebastiÃ£oâs
Prince Henry

Question: How easy was it for Portugal to expand? (false/15)

Easy to some extent, because of their strategic garrisons
It was easy
Portugal developed a trade empire rather than deal with bloodshed, but there were difficult times during the second half of the 16th century
Difficult
It was hard throughout

Question: Why was Portugal able to avoid "blood-soaked" incidents prior to 1557? (false/16)

Treaty of Windsor
They avoided armed strife and developed a trade empire
Their interest was in establishing trade, not conquering nations
Because it wanted to avoid armed strife and to develop a trade empire, rather than to conquer nations
They would conquer nations

Question: What created a crisis of succession following this era of increased trade? (false/17)

They conquered Congo
SebastiÃ£oâs demise
Sebastiao died
Sebastiao led 18,000 followers in a vain crusade in Morocco which led to their deaths
They conquered Sudan
When Faro was torched

Question: Before the restoration of Portuguese control, what Portuguese holdings were taken over by the British and the Dutch? (true/18)

Paragraph: (History-Anthropology/oanc-HistoryMadeira-1.txt)
Sent 1: Befitting a lush, tropical island stranded in the middle of the ocean, Madeira's origins are shrouded in mystery and fanciful legend.
Sent 2: Some claim that the archipelago is what remains of Plato's lost Atlantis, or part of a landmass that once fused the continents of Europe and America.
Sent 3: The Portuguese Step Ashore: Recorded history of the volcanic archipelago begins in relatively recent times: 1418, just as the golden age of Portuguese discovery was erupting.
Sent 4: Under the leadership of Henry the Navigator, caravels set out from the westernmost point of the Algarve, in southern Portugal, in search of foreign lands, fame, and wealth.
Sent 5: João Gonçalves Zarco, sailing in the service of Prince Henry, made the first of many famous Portuguese discoveries, which would culminate a century later in Magellan's historic circumnavigation of the globe.
Sent 6: Zarco happened upon a small volcanic archipelago 1,000 km from Lisbon.
Sent 7: Perhaps Zarco knew precisely where he was heading, having learned of the existence of Madeira from a Castilian source.
Sent 8: After all, the waters of the Canary Islands, only 445 km (275 miles) to the south, had occupied busy shipping lanes for very nearly a century, and Genovese maps from the mid-14th century depict both Madeira and Porto Santo.
Sent 9: More likely, Zarco was heading for Guinea and storms forced him onto the beach of Porto Santo.
Sent 10: If so, then he was extremely fortunate, for he managed to land on the only large, sandy beach for hundreds of miles around.
Sent 11: Little wonder he subsequently named it Porto Santo (Holy Port).
Sent 12: The following year Zarco returned to claim the larger island he had seen from Porto Santo, and with him went Tristão Vaz Teixeira and Bartolomeu Perestrelo.
Sent 13: They officially became the first men to set foot on the heavily forested island, naming it Ilha da Madeira, "Island of Timber.
Sent 14: " The Portuguese Crown, delighted with its first important discovery, immediately embarked on a program of colonization.
Sent 15: Zarco and Teixeira were appointed co-governors of Madeira, while Perestrelo was awarded Porto Santo.

Question: Why might a Castillian source have known about the existence of Madeira around the time Zarco was exploring? (true/0)

Canary Island occupied busy shipping lanes for very nearly a century
The Canary Islands, which: were 445 km (275 miles) to the south of Madiera, had occupied busy shipping lanes for nearly a century
They learned about Madiera from Magellan
Genovese maps from the mid-14th century depict both Madeira and Porto Santo
Because shipping lanes in the waters of the nearby Canary Islands had been around for almost a century by the time Zarco landed on the archipelago. Also, Genovese maps from the mid-14th century depicted Madeira
Castillians were the first to explore Maderia
Maps depicted the existence of Madeira
Madeira is an alternate route for Castillians during rough storms

Question: What is the name of one of the islands that is part of a landmass that some think once fused the continents of Europe and America? (true/1)

Question: What country was the man associated with who landed on a small volcanic archipelago 1,000 km from Lisbon? (true/2)

Question: How might Zarco have known of the location of the volcanic archipelago before he landed on it? (false/3)

He may have learned of its existence from a Castillian source
Henry The Navigator
He may have learned about it from a Castilian source
Genovese Map depictions
He may have learned about it from Plato
Castilian Source
TristÃ£o Vaz Teixeira

Question: When Zarco first landed on the volcanic archipelago, had he landed on what he later named "Madeira"? (false/4)

Paragraph: (History-Anthropology/oanc-HistoryJapan-2.txt)
Sent 1: Chinese Influences: The Japanese were forced out of the Korean peninsula in the sixth century, but not before the Koreans had bequeathed to the Yamato court copies of the sacred images and scriptures of Chinese Buddhism.
Sent 2: Just as Christianity introduced Mediterranean culture into northern Europe, so Buddhism brought Chinese culture into Japanese society.
Sent 3: Throughout the seventh and eighth centuries numerous Japanese monks, scholars, and artists made the perilous trip west across the Sea of Japan to study Chinese religion, history, music, literature, and painting — later to be brought back for further development in Japan.
Sent 4: An outstanding figure of this time was Prince Shotoku, who in 604 developed the "Seventeen-Article Constitution," outlining a code of human conduct and the ideals of state as a basic law for the nation.
Sent 5: He also established relations with the Sui dynasty in China.
Sent 6: Through him, the Japanese imperial court developed Chinese patterns of centralized government, with its formal bureaucracy of eight court ranks.
Sent 7: The Chinese calendar was used to calculate the year of Japan's foundation by counting back the 1,260 years of the Chinese cosmological cycle.
Sent 8: Thus, 660 b.c.
Sent 9: is still the official date celebrated nationwide.
Sent 10: At this early stage in its history Japan was already (for the most part) only nominally ruled by the emperor.
Sent 11: De facto power was exercised by the militarily and economically strongest family.
Sent 12: The Sogas had promoted Buddhism as an imperially sanctioned counterweight to the native Shinto religion, along with the new Chinese customs, to weaken the influence of their more conservative rivals.
Sent 13: But they in turn were ousted in a.d.
Sent 14: 645 by Nakatomi Kamatari, founder of the great Fujiwara clan, which was to rule Japanese affairs for hundreds of years and provide prominent advisers to the emperor even up to the 19th century.

Question: Who were ousted in 645 AD by Nakatomi Kamatari? (false/0)

Question: The main country that influenced Japan in the region (true/1)

Question: What year is known as the year of Japan's foundation? (true/2)

Question: Who was the economically strongest family in Japan's early history? (true/3)

Question: Who helped the Japanese imperial court develop Chinese patterns of centralized government? (false/4)

Question: The religion brought to Japan from China (false/5)

Question: Who did Nakatomi Kamatari oust in a.d. 645? (false/6)

Prince Shotoku
The Sogas
Fujiwara clan

Question: Who helped influence the Japanese imperial court to develop Chinese patterns of centralized government? (false/7)

Question: How did Buddhism bring Chinese culture to Japanese society? (false/8)

Chinese Calendars
Northern Europe Christians brought Buddhism to Japan
Chinese laws
Chinese patterns of centralized government
Japanese monks, scholars, and artists brought it back to Japan for further development
Japanese monks, scholars and artists went west to study in China and then returned to Japan with what they had learned

Question: What parts of Chinese culture were brought into Japanese society? (false/9)

Question: Who established relations with the Sui dynasty in China? (true/10)

Question: Who established relations with China's Sui Dynasty? (true/11)

Question: Which Japanese figure established relations with the Sui dynasty? (true/12)

Question: Who established relations with the Sui dynasty? (false/13)

Korea
Prince Shotoku
Nakatomi Kamatari

Question: What year was Japan founded (true/14)

Paragraph: (History-Anthropology/oanc-Algarve-History-5.txt)
Sent 1: Among the early blows struck for independence was a rebellion in the town of Olhão.
Sent 2: On 16 June 1808, the townsfolk — armed with little more than ancient swords, spears, and stones — attacked and captured the local French garrison.
Sent 3: It's said that a party of local men then set sail from Olhão all the way to Brazil, without maps or navigational aids, to tell the king of the insurrection.
Sent 4: The real battle, however, was waged under the leadership of the Duke of Wellington, whose coalition forces expelled the French after two years of bitter fighting.
Sent 5: The war left Portugal further weakened, and in 1822 its major empire outpost, Brazil, declared independence.
Sent 6: At the same time, a dispute over the crown continually raged between Pedro IV, the absentee monarch who preferred to reign as Emperor of Brazil rather than return to Portugal, and his brother Miguel.
Sent 7: The power struggle, with strong overtones of absolutism versus liberalism, excited the interest and intervention of other powers.
Sent 8: With British help, Pedro defeated Miguel off Cape St. Vincent in 1833, and his expeditionary force marched to Lisbon.
Sent 9: Pedro took the throne, though armed struggle continued for months and the lingering bitterness long after that.
Sent 10: By 1892 Portugal, racked by wars and the continuing expense of maintaining its African colonies (including those of Mozambique and Angola), declared itself bankrupt.
Sent 11: The seeds of discontent with absolutist rule were sown.
Sent 12: Kingdom's End Bloodshed would haunt the remaining years of the Portuguese monarchy.
Sent 13: On 1 February 1908, the royal family was riding in an open carriage along the Lisbon river front plaza, Terreiro do Paço, when an assassin opened fire and killed King Carlos and the heir to the throne, Prince Luis Filipe.
Sent 14: The prince's younger brother, Prince Manuel, was also hit, but he survived and was thus propelled to the throne at the tender age of 19.
Sent 15: Amid republican agitation, a surprise uprising led by elements within the armed forces deposed Manuel in 1910.
Sent 16: Having ruled for less than three years, Manuel died in exile in 1932 in England.
Sent 17: The sudden end of more than seven centuries of monarchy brought confusion and crisis to the country.
Sent 18: Presidents and prime ministers were ushered into and out of office an unbelievable 45 times between 1910 and 1926, until a military revolution suspended Portugal's problematic democracy.

Question: Why did Prince Manuel only rule for three years? (true/0)

Armed refused to forces dispose him
Armed Forces deposed him
Brazil declared Indpendence
He died in England
An uprising resulted in his exile to England where he died
He died after three years

Question: How many years after Portugal declared bankruptcy was the monarchy deposed elements of the armed forces (true/1)

Question: There were many disputes going on, when did the first dispute happened? (false/2)

Question: How many years after the start of the rebellion of Olhão did Brazil declare its independence? (true/3)

three years
two years
14 years
the remaining years

Question: Under the leadership of the Duke of Wellington, what happened to Portugal? (true/4)

It declared independence
Weakened portugal
The war left Portugal further weakened

Question: Why was King Carlos assassinated? (true/5)

His brother wanted the throne
Discontent with Absolutist Rule
National bankruptcy and absolutist government
Because he betrayed the nation
Due to discontent with absolutist rule

Question: What was the power struggle that had strong overtones of absolutism versus liberalism? (false/6)

Portugal's weaknesses
Brazil's declaration of independence
The dispute between Miguel and Pedro
A dispute over the crown between Pedro IV and his brother Miguel

Question: The town of Olhão began their rebellion on what date? (true/7)

in the town of Olhão
1822
after two years of bitter fighting
16 June 1808

Question: Why did Brazil declare independence when it did? (false/8)

Pedro IV took advantage of a weakened Portugal to become Emperor of Brazil
It won war, 1820
Portugal was weak
The French helped them
Portugal was bankrupt
Because the war left Portugal further weakened, 1822

Question: Why did the townsfolk attack and capture the local French garrison in 1808? (false/9)

Because the war left Portugal further weakened
In order to have a little more than ancient swords
Because they did not have maps or navigational aids
To gain independence from the French

Question: The war that further weakened Portugal's absolutist rule by monarchs was lead by which British commander (true/10)

Pedro IV
Miguel
Duke of Wellington
St. Vincent

Question: What is the cause for the change in leadership between prime ministers and presidents between 1910-1926? (false/11)

The royal family riding in an open carriage along the Lisbon river front plaza
The killing of King Carlos and the heir to the throne, Prince Luis Filipe
The country crisis
Manuel's exile and sudden end of the monarchy
Prince Manuel's assasination

Question: What happened in the town of Olhão? (true/12)

The independence
A ritual
On 16 June 1808, the townsfolk — armed with little more than ancient swords, spears, and stones — attacked and captured the local French garrison
A rebellion

Question: On 16 June 1808, there was a rebellion in what town? (false/13)

the townsfolk
the local French garrison
Wellington
Olhão

Question: Who survived the assassination attempt in 1908? (true/14)

Question: How old was Prince Manuel when he died? (true/15)

Question: What events caused Brazil to gain independence? (false/16)

Killing of King Carlos
The power struggle, with strong overtones of absolutism versus liberalism,
Pedro taking the throne
The British help
The many wars and rebellions of Portugal

Question: What was the name of Prince Luis Filipe's younger brother? (true/17)

Question: Did the French lose a battle early in the war? (true/18)

No
Yes

Question: How many years passed between Portugal declaring bankruptcy and the assassination of King Carlos and Prince Luis Filipe? (true/19)

three years
two years
the remaining years
16 years

Question: Who was Prince Manuel's older brother? (false/20)

Prince Manuel
Miguel
King Carlos
Prince Luis Filipe

Question: Did Pedro IV take the throne peacefully? (true/21)

No
Yes

Question: The end of more than seven centuries of monarchy rule in Portugal occurred in what year? (true/22)

1926
1932
1910

Paragraph: (History-Anthropology/oanc-HistoryHongKong-1.txt)
Sent 1: In the popular mind, the history of Hong Kong, long the entryway to China for Westerners, begins in 1841 with the British occupation of the territory.
Sent 2: However, it would be wrong to dismiss the long history of the region itself.
Sent 3: Archaeologists today are working to uncover Hong Kong's past, which stretches back thousands of years.
Sent 4: You can get a glimpse into that past at Lei Cheng Uk Museum's 1,600-year-old burial vault on the mainland just north of Kowloon.
Sent 5: In 1992, when construction of the airport on Chek Lap Kok was begun, a 2,000-year-old village, Pak Mong, was discovered, complete with artifacts that indicated a sophisticated rural society.
Sent 6: An even older Stone Age site was discovered on Lamma Island in 1996.
Sent 7: While Hong Kong remained a relative backwater in early days, nearby Guangzhou (Canton) was developing into a great trading city with connections in India and the Middle East.
Sent 8: By a.d.
Sent 9: 900, the Hong Kong islands had become a lair for pirates preying on the shipping in the Pearl River Delta and causing a major headache for burgeoning Guangzhou; small bands of pirates were still operating into the early years of the 20th century.
Sent 10: In the meantime, the mainland area was being settled by incomers, the "Five Great Clans": Tang, Hau, Pang, Liu, and Man.
Sent 11: First to arrive was the Tang clan, which established a number of walled villages in the New Territories that still exist today.
Sent 12: You can visit Kat Hing Wai and Lo Wai, villages with their walls still intact.
Sent 13: Adjacent to Lo Wai is the Tang Chung Ling Ancestral Hall, built in the 16th century, which is still the center of clan activities.
Sent 14: The first Europeans to arrive in the Pearl River Delta were the Portuguese, who settled in Macau in 1557 and for several centuries had a monopoly on trade between Asia, Europe, and South America.
Sent 15: As Macau developed into the greatest port in the East, it also became a base for Jesuit missionaries; it was later a haven for persecuted Japanese Christians.
Sent 16: While Christianity was not a great success in China, it made local headway, evidenced today by the numerous Catholic churches in Macau's historic center.
Sent 17: Intermarriage with the local Chinese created a community of Macanese, whose culture can still be seen in Macau's architecture and cuisine.

Question: How did Guangzhou develop so rapidly, and how was that affected in the early days? (true/0)

By exporting many products to other countries
By trade connections in India and the Middle East, and pirates preying on shipping and the movement of goods
With its great weather

Question: Who were the first Europeans to control the greatest port in the East? (true/1)

The Portuguese
South Africans
Asians
The British

Question: Why did traders from Canton have problems in the Pearl River Delta? (true/2)

Because of the pirates
Because the water was too shallow
The Hong Kong islands had become a lair for pirates
Because the water was too dangerous

Question: What occurred simultaneously in 900AD? (true/3)

The occupation of China by pirates and the settling of Hong Kong by the "Five Great Clans"
Pirates preying on the shipping
The British leaving land to the Chinese
The occupation of Hong Kong by pirates and the settling of mainland China by the "Five Great Clans"
Portuguese taking over the land
The land was being settled

Question: Where the British the first Europeans to settle Pearl River Delta and Hong Kong? (true/4)

No
No the Portuguese were the first to settle in the region
Maybe

Question: The mixture of what two races is seen in the Macanese people of Macau? (true/5)

Portuguese
British
Chinese

Question: Which nation was responsible for Jesuit missionaries working in Macau? (true/6)

Question: Whose missionary efforts resulted in the spread of Catholicism in Macau? (true/7)

Question: In 900 ad, present-day Canton was beset by what sort of danger? (true/8)

Headache
Pirates
Volatile waters

Question: How many years elapsed between the settlements of the Portuguese and the British arrival in Hong Kong? (false/9)

About a century
Few centuries
284 years
About 300 years

Question: The mainland clan's walled cities can be viewed at what two intact sites? (true/10)

Question: How was Macau affected by the Portuguese that settled there? (false/11)

It created hatred against European countries
It popularized Christianity
Intermarriage with the local Chinese created the Macanese, whose culture can still be seen in Macau's architecture and cuisine alongside the construction of Catholic churches in Macau and the propagation of Christianity

Paragraph: (History-Anthropology/oanc-Algarve-History-1.txt)
Sent 1: Little is known of the earliest Stone Age inhabitants of Europe's southwestern extremity.
Sent 2: The ancient Greeks called them the Cynetes (or Cunetes).
Sent 3: Whatever their origins, their culture evolved under the pressure and influence of foreign forces.
Sent 4: Among the many invading armies that settled here and contributed to nascent Portuguese culture were Phoenicians, who settled in the area around 1,000 b.c., followed by the Celts, Iberians, Greeks, and Carthaginians.
Sent 5: But it was the Romans, who arrived late in the third century b.c., who most greatly influenced all of Iberia.
Sent 6: They built towns, industries, roads, and bridges, developed agriculture, and bequeathed the Latin language, of which Portuguese is a direct descendant.
Sent 7: The Romans named the southwestern province of the peninsula Lusitania, oddly enough for one of the Celtiberian tribes they defeated, and by the third century a.d.
Sent 8: had introduced Christianity.
Sent 9: By the beginning of the fourth century the Algarve had a bishop in place, based in Faro.
Sent 10: But Rome had already fallen into decay, and soon hordes of northern tribesmen took over the empire.
Sent 11: The Algarve fell to the Visigoths in the mid-fifth century.
Sent 12: Under Moorish Rule In a.d.
Sent 13: 711, the Moors brought powerful armies from North Africa and launched a devastating attack on the Iberian peninsula, conquering much of what would become Spain and Portugal.
Sent 14: They imposed Islam and left an indelible influence on the countryside and the population of the Algarve.
Sent 15: The Moorish legacy can still be seen in the form of wells and waterwheels, squat white houses, the dark complexions of the people, and in the very name given the region — taken from Al-Gharb, which means "country of the west" (when the Moors conquered the territory, it was the most westerly in the known world).
Sent 16: The Moors governed their Iberian kingdoms from across the border in Seville, but the Algarve had its own regional capital and huge, invulnerable fortress.
Sent 17: The capital was Chelb (or Xelb), and it was bigger and better defended than Lisbon.
Sent 18: Today the town, known as Silves, is a provincial outpost whose only besiegers are busloads of tourists who climb the narrow streets up to the old Moorish ramparts.

Question: What did the Greeks call the early Stone Age inhabitants? (true/0)

Question: The Cynetes (or Cunetes) is the name the ancient Greeks gave to the original inhabitants of what which modern European country? (true/1)

Question: Who's culture evolved under the pressure and influence of foreign forces? (true/2)

Question: Who built towns, roads and industries of Europe's southwestern extremity? (true/3)

Iberians
Romans
Sicilians
Greeks

Question: What countries or civilizations influenced early Portuguese culture, religion and architecture? (false/4)

Question: What did the Moors do in 1711? (false/5)

Question: Who arrived after the Celts and Iberians? (true/6)

Question: What was the Portuguese city of Silves was once known as? (true/7)

Question: What was the capital of Algarve, and what was it also called? (true/8)

Question: How did the Romans influence or change the area? (false/9)

Built squat white houses
Made society a whole
They introduced Christianity
Language, agriculture, construction
Through buillding, agriculture, language and religion

Question: What did the Greeks call the earliest Stone Age inhabitants of Europes's southwestern extremity? (true/10)

Iberians
Cynetes
Cave men

Question: What was significant about the start of the fourth century until the mid fifth century? (false/11)

The argarve had a bishop based in Faro
Northern tribesmen took over Algarve
The Visigoths fell to the Argarve
Algarve fell to the Visigoths
A town didn't survive

Question: Who were the foreign forces the Cynetes evolved under? (false/12)

Question: Who introduced Christianity to Lusitania? (false/13)

The Romans
Priests
The Moors

Question: Under the Moors, Christianity was replaced by what religion? (true/14)

Question: Who imposed Islam on the population of the Algarve? (true/15)

Romans
Africans
The Moors

Question: Who did the ancient Greeks call the Cynetes? (false/16)

The earliest Greek inhabitants from the Stone Age
Stone age inhabitants
The earliest Stone Age inhabitants of Europe's southwestern extremity
Cave men
Romans

Question: What were the Romans able to accomplish when they invaded Iberia? Name two things. (false/17)

Question: How did the Moors change Portugal? (true/18)

Added a few water things
The Moors influence can be seen in their contribution of wells, waterwheels, squat white houses, the dark complexions of the local people and the introduction of Islam as a religion
The complextions of their people and the name of the retion
Introduced latin
Added wells, waterwheels, darker color of skin

Question: Who built towns, industries, roads, bridges, and developed agriculture to influence all of Iberia? (true/19)

Moors
The Romans
Greeks

Question: Where did the Christian Romans place a bishop, based in Faro? (true/20)

Question: Who settled in Iberia around 1000 B.C.? Name two armies. (true/21)

Paragraph: (History-Anthropology/oanc-HistoryMadrid-1.txt)
Sent 1: Though prehistoric remains from the Paleolithic, Neolithic, and Bronze Ages have been unearthed in the Manzanares Valley, prior to Madrid's sudden elevation to capital city in 1561 its history was rather undistinguished.
Sent 2: Over a period of many centuries crucial in Spanish history, Madrid's significance was negligible.
Sent 3: The Romans built their most advanced outpost on the Iberian peninsula, but left nothing of consequence in Madrid.
Sent 4: Armies of North African nomads, intent on disseminating Islam, invaded the peninsula in a.d.
Sent 5: Within 10 years, they had overrun most of Spain.
Sent 6: If Madrid played any role in these pivotal events, no record of it remains.
Sent 7: The first solid references to this obscure settlement on the Castilian plateau, guarded by the looming Guadarrama mountain range, appear in the 9th century.
Sent 8: The Arabic name for "place of many springs," variously recorded as Magerit, Mayrit or Magrit, eventually evolved into Madrid.
Sent 9: The hamlet entered historical chronicles for its military significance; it was located near the main line of resistance to the Christian reconquest.
Sent 10: Over centuries of struggle, the defending Moorish army built a full-scale fort, or Alcázar, on the heights of Madrid commanding the Manzanares valley.
Sent 11: After several unsuccessful skirmishes, the Christian forces of Alfonso VI captured Madrid in 1083.
Sent 12: The Alcázar became a fort of the crown of Castile.
Sent 13: During a counter-offensive in 1109, the town was overrun by the Moors, but the Christianized fortress held.
Sent 14: The Moors were expelled from the town, but they remained in control of southern Spain for almost four centuries.
Sent 15: Meanwhile, Madrid enjoyed brief prominence in 1308 when king Ferdinand IV and his Cortes, an early version of parliament, held a formal meeting in the fledgling town.
Sent 16: From then on, the kings of Spain began to visit Madrid, where the air was invigorating and the hunting excellent.
Sent 17: Ferdinand and Isabella, the Catholic monarchs that united all the provinces of Spain, first visited Madrid in 1477.

Question: Where is the army who over run most of Spain form? . (true/0)

Egypt
North Africa
North African
Rome

Question: What caused the kings of Spain to begin to visit Madrid (false/1)

Question: What peninsula did the Armies of North African nomads invade in a.d.? (false/2)

Iberian
Syberian
The Iberian Peninsula
North African

Question: Who overtook the Romans? (true/3)

Question: Who had overun most of Spain? (false/4)

Question: What country did the Armies of North African nomads overrun after invading in a.d.? (true/5)

Italy
Spain
Rome

Question: After what year did the kings of Spain began to visit Madrid? (true/6)

1308
1561
1477

Question: Why did kings of Spain visit Madrid? (true/7)

Good hunting
Women
Because the air was invigorating and the hunting was excellent
Good air
An early version of parliament, held a formal meeting in the fledgling town, the air was invigorating and the hunting excellent
Because of a formal meeting

Question: Why was Madrid's significance negligible in Spanish history? (true/8)

Paragraph: (History-Anthropology/oanc-HistoryLasVegas-5.txt)
Sent 1: New Legitimacy: Organized crime was soon to have a formidable adversary in its bid to control Las Vegas — corporate cash.
Sent 2: Though Las Vegas had developed a powerful local economy, few major outside investments were made in the city, due primarily to mob infiltration and its inherent ties to illegal activities.
Sent 3: That would change dramatically with the 1966 arrival of billionaire Howard Hughes.
Sent 4: A legitimate businessman, Hughes was nonetheless eccentric and dramatic, a style suited to the Las Vegas ethos.
Sent 5: True to the myth, the reclusive Hughes immediately cloistered himself in the Desert Inn's penthouse.
Sent 6: Several weeks later he was asked — then ordered — to vacate the room to make room for high rollers, whereupon he promptly bought the property and fired the management.
Sent 7: Thus began Hughes' legendary three-year, $300-million Las Vegas buying spree.
Sent 8: When it was over, Hughes owned six casinos, an airport, and an airline, along with numerous plots of land stretching from the Strip to the mountains.
Sent 9: Hughes' actions would have beneficial repercussions, both immediate and lasting.
Sent 10: Because of the new legitimacy Las Vegas acquired from Hughes' investments, established companies such as Hilton Hotels bought into the gaming business, and their influence helped draw a line in the desert sand between legitimate operations and mob casinos, where illegal skimming of profits was rampant.
Sent 11: That, combined with the formation of the Nevada Gaming Control Board, would signal the beginning of the end for heavy mob influence in the city.
Sent 12: Las Vegas with a Vision As corporations moved in and the mob was slowly pushed out, a new Las Vegas emerged.
Sent 13: The legitimization of gambling led to its increased legalization across the US.
Sent 14: What was once a sure thing became much more competitive.
Sent 15: Casino operators had to reassess the nature of their business.
Sent 16: The first to really do so was Steve Wynn, a Las Vegas resident and owner of the Golden Nugget.
Sent 17: In the mid-1980s, Wynn began plans to reinvigorate Las Vegas with a new resort.
Sent 18: He bought several Strip properties — the Silver Slipper and Castaways among them — and demolished them to make way for a new kind of resort — Mirage — which became an instant success.

Question: What year did Hughes end his buying spree? (false/0)

Question: Who bought the Desert Inn and fire the management? (true/1)

Question: Who bought the Silver Slipper and Castaways? (true/2)

Howard Hughes
Donald Trump
Steve Jobs
Steve Wynn

Question: What signified the ending of heavy mob influence in Las Vegas? (false/3)

Steve Winn buying the Silver Slipper
Steve Wynn
Established companies bought into the gaming business
Increased legalization across the US
Formation of the Nevada Gaming Control Board and Hughes investments
Legitimate investors and businesses entering the market
The formation of the Nevada Gaming Control Board
Howard Hughes' $300-million spending spree
Corporations entered the market and corrupt criminal casinos could not compete

Question: What did Hughes buy in his three year buying spree? (true/4)

The Silver Slipper and Castaways
Six casinos, an airport, and an airline, along with numerous plots of land stretching from the Strip to the mountains
Mountain Chalet
Hughes owned six casinos, an airport, and an airline, along with numerous plots of land stretching from the Strip to the mountains
Desert Inn
Five Resorts
Six casinos, an airport, an airline, and numerous plots of land
Two Hotels

Question: What did Hughes do to show his style and his dramatic side? (false/5)

Question: What along with the Nevada Gaming Board signaled the beginning of the end for heavy mob influence in Las Vegas? (true/6)

New laws and legislation
Howard Hughes
The 1966 arrival of billionaire Howard Hughes
When Trump Built a Casino
Companies such as Hilton Hotels getting into the gaming business in Las Vegas
Arrival of Steve Wynn
Hilton Hotels

Question: Who owned the Golden Nugget and Silver Slipper? (false/7)

Howard Hughes
The Nevada Gaming Control Board
Steve Wynn

Question: Due to the legitimization, competitiveness, and new Las Vegas what were casinos force to do? (false/8)

They had to reassess the nature of the Casino buisness
To reassess the nature of their business
Casinos needed to assess their business model and become more competitive to survive
To skim the profits
To join the mob
They were forced to form partnerships with airlines
They needed to skim profits to compete

Question: What did Hughes do as soon as he arrived in Vegas in 1966? (false/9)

He bought a casino
Immediately cloistered himself in the Desert Innâs penthouse
He spent $300 million
He cloistered himself in the Desert Inn's penthouse
He bought several Strip properties
He got married

Question: What businessman arrived in 1966? (false/10)

Howard Hughes
Conrad Hilton
Steve Wynn

Question: What did Howard Hughes purchase during his Vegas buying spree? (false/11)

Question: What was the first property that the Mirage owner owned in Vegas? (true/12)

Question: What was the assumed value of Hughes six casinos, airport, airline, and land? (true/13)

Question: The owner of the Golden Nugget demolished several Strip properties to build what? (true/14)

Paragraph: (History-Anthropology/oanc-HistoryFrance-1.txt)
Sent 1: The French have always wanted to know what it means to be a Frenchman.
Sent 2: Their history has been a constant quest for national identity: a conflict between strong regional loyalties and central authority.
Sent 3: In about 2000 b.c.
Sent 4: Celtic tribes — probably from eastern Europe — came looking for greener pastures in the areas that are now Franche-Comté, Alsace, and Burgundy.
Sent 5: At the same time, migrants from the Mediterranean countries were trickling into the south.
Sent 6: The first recorded settlement was the trading post set up by Phocaean Greeks from Asia Minor at Massalia (Marseilles) around 600 b.c.
Sent 7: , followed by other ports at Hyères, Antibes, and Nice.
Sent 8: But the Greeks developed few contacts with the interior beyond a little commerce in olives and wine with the Celts of Burgundy.
Sent 9: When their position was threatened by Ligurian pirates at sea and warlike tribes from inland, the merchants of Marseilles called on Rome for help.
Sent 10: From Gaul to France In 125 b.c.
Sent 11: , the Romans came in force, conquered the "Gallic barbarians," and set up a fortress at Aquae Sextiae (Aix-en-Provence).
Sent 12: They took advantage of this new stronghold to create Provincia (now Provence), stretching from the Alps to the Pyrénées, in order to guarantee communications between Italy and Spain.
Sent 13: When this province was endangered by fresh attacks from the north, Julius Caesar himself took charge, conquering practically the whole of Gaul by 50 b.c.
Sent 14: Caesar drew Gaul's northeastern frontier at the Rhine, taking in present-day Belgium, and warned that the Germanic tribes across the river — the Franks (after whom France is named), Alamans, and Saxons — would always threaten the security of the frontier.
Sent 15: The Romanization of Gaul sent the most energetic warriors to defend the outposts of the empire while their families settled down to work the land or build towns such as Lyon, Orange, Arles, and Nîmes, and the first great highways between them.
Sent 16: At the same time, merchants built up a thriving trade with the rest of the Roman Empire.
Sent 17: The pattern for the peasantry and bourgeoisie of France was thus established.
Sent 18: Christianity was introduced into Gaul in the first century a.d.

Question: Around 2000 b.c. what groups were settling in France? (true/0)

Celtic tribes — probably from eastern Europe and migrants from the Mediterranean countries
English
Celtic tribes
Antibes
Celtic tribes and migrants from the mediterranean
Romans

Question: What were the Romans' first two settlements? (false/1)

At Marseilles and Nice
At Aquae Sextiae and Provincia
Aquae Sextiae (Aix-en-Provence) and Provincia (now Provence)
Italy
Massalia (MarÂseilles) and Provincia (now Provence)

Question: How was the pattern for the peasantry and bourgeoisie of France established? (false/2)

Merchants built up thriving trade with the Roman empire
English
Christianity was introduced
The Romanization of Gaul sent the most energetic warriors to defend the outposts of the empire while their families settled down to work the land or build towns such as Lyon, Orange, Arles, and Nîmes, and the first great highways between them. At the same time, merchants built up a thriving trade with the rest of the Roman Empire
When the romans invaded

Question: Which settlement was first, Marseilles, or Nice? (false/3)

Marseilles
Massalia (Marseilles) around 600 b.c
Nice

Question: When did the Romans set up a fortress at Aquae Sextiae (Aix-en-Provence)? (true/4)

Question: What was happening in France in about 2000 BC? (true/5)

Celtic tribes — probably from eastern Europe were coming to Franche-Comté, Alsace, and Burgundy. , and migrants from the Mediterranean countries were trickling into the south
Marseilles was settled
Poverty
Celtic tribes came in
The Romans came in force, conquered the âGallic barbarians,â and set up a fortress at Aquae Sextiae (Aix-en-Provence)
Celtic tribes â probably from eastern Europe â came looking for greener pastures in the areas that are now Franche-ComtÃ©, Alsace, and BurÂgundy

Question: In what year did the Romans travel from Gual to France? (true/6)

Question: Where were France's first settlements? (false/7)

Question: About what year, did Celtic tribes came looking for greener pastures in the areas that are now Franche-Comté, Alsace, and Burgundy? (true/8)

Question: What stronghold did the Greeks use to create Provincia (now Provence)? (true/9)

Aquae Sextiae (Aix-en-Provence)
Massalia (MarÂseilles)
The fortress at Aquae Sextiae (Aix-en-Provence)
When the Romans came in and set up a fortress at Aquae Sextiae
France
When the romans invaded

Paragraph: (History-Anthropology/oanc-HistoryJapan-13-2.txt)
Sent 1: Peace and Prosperity: After years of government propaganda predicting the worst atrocities, most Japanese civilians were surprised at the warmth and friendliness of the occupying forces.
Sent 2: The postwar period began, however, with millions of displaced people homeless and starving.
Sent 3: To counter a perceived communist threat from the Soviet Union, the US quickly set to work reconstructing the economy by transforming Japan's institutions and devising a new pacifist constitution.
Sent 4: Article 9 renounced Japan's right to maintain armed forces, although the ambiguous wording was later taken to permit the creati on of a "self-defense" force.
Sent 5: The zaibatsu conglomerates that had proved so instrumental in boosting Japan's militarism were disbanded, later to re-emerge as the keiretsu trading conglomerates that dominated the economy once again.
Sent 6: The entire economy received a massive jump-start with the outbreak of the Korean War, with Japan ironically becoming the chief local supplier for an army it had battled so furiously just a few years earlier.
Sent 7: The occupation lasted until 1952, having already planted the seeds for Japan's future stunning economic success.
Sent 8: Economic output was back to prewar levels, and British auto companies provided the support needed to get Japan's auto industry back on its feet.
Sent 9: Japanese companies then enthusiastically imported any Western technologies they could get their hands on.
Sent 10: This included transistor technology — invented in the US but then considered to have only limited applications — for the surreal sum of $25,000.
Sent 11: It was Japan that produced the world's first transistor radio.
Sent 12: The electronic technology spurt that followed is now legendary.
Sent 13: Parliamentary democracy finally came into its own, albeit with distinctly Japanese characteristics reflecting the dislike of debate and confrontation and the group-oriented preference for maintaining the appearance of harmony at all times.
Sent 14: The government, through the powerful Finance Ministry and Ministry of International Trade and Industry, generously supported favored private corporations: first shipping, then cars, then electronics firms basked in the warmth of the government's loving attentions.
Sent 15: Japan overtook Britain economically in 1964.
Sent 16: By the end of the decade, Japan's was the third largest economy in the world — less then two decades after the war had left the country in ruins.
Sent 17: Prosperity was not without its own problems: pollution caused by "dirty" industries, a high incidence of stomach ulcers (even suicides) among schoolchildren pressured by over-ambitious parents, and the awkward questions of what to do about nuclear energy.
Sent 18: The famous coziness among politicians, bureaucrats, and private companies, together with the strong cultural emphasis on relationship-building and a lack of transparency and accountability, eventually led to corrupt practices of endemic proportions.

Question: How long after the occupation ended did it take for Japan to overtake Britain economically? (false/0)

Question: Japan was the third largest economy by the end of which decade? (false/1)

Question: What is the name of the document the US devised while occupying Japan? (true/2)

Paragraph: (History-Anthropology/oanc-HistoryIstanbul-1.txt)
Sent 1: The modern Republic of Turkey dates only from 1923, but the history of the land within its borders stretches back to the dawn of humanity.
Sent 2: Widespread finds of Stone Age implements in cave excavations show that Anatolia was already inhabited during the Middle of the Palaeolithic period (about 200,000 to 40,000 years ago).
Sent 3: By Neolithic times, organized communities had arisen, such as the one at Çatalhöyük, near Konya, Turkey's most important prehistoric site.
Sent 4: This town, which flourished between 6500 and 5500 b.c.
Sent 5: , had flat-roofed houses of mud and timber decorated with wall-paintings, some of which show patterns that still appear on Anatolian kilims.
Sent 6: The advent of the Bronze Age (about 3200 b.c.
Sent 7: ), and the spread of city-states ruled by kings, is marked by the appearance of royal tombs containing bronze objects in such places as Troy in the west, and Alacahöyük near Ankara.
Sent 8: Around this time the Sumerian civilization living in Mesopotamia (the region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in present-day Iraq) founded and developed the cuneiform script, the world's oldest form of writing on record.
Sent 9: The technique was introduced by Assyrian traders 1,000 years later into Anatolia, where it was quickly adopted by the indigenous Hatti people, who, at this point, had already reached an advanced state of civilization.
Sent 10: The Hittites: The capital of the Hatti was Kanesh (modern Kültepe, near Kayseri).
Sent 11: Cuneiform tablets found here record the arrival in Anatolia of warlike invaders around the second millennium b.c.
Sent 12: Their origins remain a mystery (their written language was finally deciphered in 1915), but they came from the direction of the Caucasus mountains, spreading destruction and disorder throughout Anatolia.
Sent 13: It was two hundred years before they were firmly entrenched in their newly conquered empire.
Sent 14: The newcomers were the Hittites, and their domination of Anatolia can be divided into three distinct periods: the Old Kingdom (c.
Sent 15: 1600–1450 b.c.
Sent 16: ), then the New or Empire Period (c.
Sent 17: 1450–1200 b.c.
Sent 18: ), and the Late Hittite Period (c.

Question: When was the cuneiform script, the world's oldest form of writing on record developed? (true/0)

Question: Where were cuneiform tablets found that recorded the arrival in Anatolia of violent invaders? (true/1)

Question: What is marked by the appearance of royal tombs containing bronze objects? (true/2)

The rule of unnamed warrior kings in Mesopotamia
The arrival of Assyrian warriors
The spread of city-states ruled by the first democracies
The Bronze Age
The spread of city-states ruled by oligarchies
The advent of the Bronze Age
Steel Age
The spread of city-states ruled by kings

Question: How could one describe Çatalhöyük, near Konya? (false/3)

Question: What time in history was marked by the appearance of royal tombs containing bronze objects in such places as Troy in the west? (true/4)

The Golden Crescent
The Neolithic Period
A period of time known as the Bronze Age, dating from 3200 b.c
5500 b.c
The advent of the Bronze Age about 3200 b.c. and the spread of city-states ruled by kings,
The Bronze Age
Steel Age
The latter part of the Stone Age
The Pelolithic Eraa

Question: What do we know about the Cuneiform tablets found at the capital of the Hatti was Kanesh? (true/5)

Question: How long did it take after the town near Çatalhöyük flourished for the advent of the Bronze Age? (true/6)

Paragraph: (History-Anthropology/oanc-HistoryJamaica-1.txt)
Sent 1: The earliest signs of people on Jamaica are the remains of the Arawak, an AmerIndian society that originated on the north coast of South America.
Sent 2: Arawak peoples migrated to various Caribbean islands, arriving in Jamaica by the beginning of the eighth century.
Sent 3: They were peaceful and lived by "slash-and-burn" farming.
Sent 4: For meat, they bred pigs and ate iguana, both native to the island.
Sent 5: They were highly skilled in such manual activities as thatching and weaving.
Sent 6: In fact, the hammock was an AmerIndian invention that remains with us today; it is an object which, more than any other, evokes an image of a warm sunny day on a tropical isle.
Sent 7: The Arawak left a legacy of paintings in places such as Runaway Caves near Discovery Bay, and shards of pottery found at their settlements near Nueva Sevilla and Spanish Town have added a little to our knowledge about them.
Sent 8: Over 200 Arawak sites have been identified, and it is said that when the Spanish arrived in Jamaica there were approximately 100,000 Arawak living on the island.
Sent 9: They called Jamaica "Xaymaca" ("land of wood and water").
Sent 10: Columbus and the Arrival of Europeans Columbus first arrived in Jamaica on 5 May 1494 at Discovery Bay, where there is now a small park in his honor.
Sent 11: He stayed for only a few days but returned in 1502, landing here when the ships of his fleet became unserviceable; he waited at St. Ann's Bay for help to arrive from Cuba.
Sent 12: After the death of Columbus in 1505, Jamaica became the property of his son Diego, who dispatched Don Juan de Esquivel to the island as Governor.
Sent 13: Esquivel arrived in 1510 and created a base called Nueva Sevilla near St. Ann's Bay, from which he hoped to colonize the rest of the island.
Sent 14: The Spanish immediately began subjugating the Arawak population, many of whom died under the yoke of oppression and of diseases carried by the Europeans.
Sent 15: A number of them committed suicide rather than live the life created for them by the Spanish.
Sent 16: The site of Nueva Sevilla proved to be unhealthy and mosquito-ridden, and in 1534 the Spanish founded Villa de la Vega, today known as Spanish Town.
Sent 17: Pig breeding was the main occupation of these early settlers, but they also planted sugar cane and other crops that required large numbers of laborers.
Sent 18: The number of Arawak had already fallen dramatically, so the Spanish began to import slaves from Africa to work the land; the first Africans arrived in 1517.

Question: Who waited at St. Ann's Bay for help to arrive from Cuba when his ships became unserviceable? (false/0)

Question: In what ways was the coming of the Europeans to Jamaica bad for the Arawak people? (true/1)

Death from disease
Subjugated Arawak population
Base called Nueva Sevilla
Waiting in harbor
Oppression
Pig breeding
The Europeans introduced slavery and disease. Many of the Arawak committed suicide. Their population decreased
Suicide

Question: Name some things the Arawak ate and invented. (false/2)

Question: When did the Arawak people first arrive in Jamaica? (false/3)

Question: Who called Jamaica "Xaymaca" ("land of wood and water")? (false/4)

Question: Approximately how many years did the AmerIndians live in Jamaica before the Spanish imported slaves from Africa? (false/5)

Question: What meat was consumed by both the Arawak and the European settlers of Jamaica? (true/6)

Mosquito
Iguana
Unhealthy
Pig

Question: On what island were Arawak pottery shards found? (false/7)

Nueva Sevilla
South America
Esquivel
Jamaica

Question: Explain the decline in number of the Arawak and Spain's response to this decline. (false/8)

Their extreme import by Spaniards from Africa causes it
Pig breeding and sugarcane, waited in the harbor
Disease and suicide, brought slaves from Africa
Farming and weaving, returned to Villa de la Vega
Many Arawak died while being oppressed by the Spanish and when their were not enough of them to be slaves, the Spaniards imported slaves from Africa

Question: Was the arrival of the Europeans a positive development for the Arawaks? (true/9)

No
Yes
Settlement
Cuba

Question: What are three causes of the Arawak's population decline? (true/10)

Question: What crops would the Spanish force the people they took from Africa to work? (false/11)

Question: For approximately how many years were the Arawak on Jamaica before the arrival of the Europeans? (false/12)

Question: Which group of people were highly skilled at weaving and thatching? (false/13)

Question: How many AmerIndians were said to be living in the land of "land of wood and water" by the time Columbus arrived? (false/14)

Question: What did the Arawak excel at prior to the coming of the Europeans? (true/15)

Question: After Esquival arrived, did the Spanish remain in Nueva Sevilla? (true/16)

No, they moved from Nueva Sevilla to Villa de la Vega due to mosquitoes and unhealthy conditions
No
Yes
Moved to Villa de la Vega
Settled in St. Ann's Bay

Question: What labor intensive crop did the Spanish import slaves to grow? (true/17)

Slash-and-burn
Pigs
Thatching
Sugar cane

Question: What was the response to Spanish oppression by a large number of Arawak people? (false/18)

Pig breeding
Suicide
Many of them committed suicide rather than live under the Spanish rule
Farming
Sugar cane
The Arawak immediately began subjugating the Spanish population

Paragraph: (History-Anthropology/oanc-China-History-3.txt)
Sent 1: In the rest of the world, China's supreme sage, Kongfuzi (K'ung Fu-tzu), is better known by the romanized name "Confucius." He was born in 551 b.c.
Sent 2: in what is now Shandong Province in eastern China.
Sent 3: So profound was his influence that eleven Chinese emperors made pilgrimages to the birthplace of the Great Teacher.
Sent 4: You, too, can pay your respects at the vast temple raised on the site of his home in the small town of Qufu (Chufu), and at his tomb in the woods just to the north.
Sent 5: The classics of Confucius, while seldom addressing spiritual and metaphysical matters, set standards for social and political conduct that still underlie many of the Chinese ways of doing and perceiving.
Sent 6: Confucius laid great stress on the proper and harmonious relationships between ruler and subject, parent and child, teacher and student, the individual and the state.
Sent 7: These relationships were deemed to be hierarchical and dictatorial.
Sent 8: If the order was disturbed, dire consequences inevitably resulted.
Sent 9: The son who disobeyed the father would bring disaster upon himself and his family, just as the emperor who defied the "mandate of heaven" or ignored the good of the empire brought ruin upon the nation.
Sent 10: Over the centuries Confucius has suffered more changes of fortune than probably any other philosopher.
Sent 11: Honored soon after his death as the greatest of scholars, he was later revered as semi-divine; you can still visit temples to Confucius in many Chinese cities.
Sent 12: During the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976), however, he was denounced as a counter-revolutionary force.
Sent 13: It was only after the death of Chairman Mao (1976) and the opening of China to the outside world under more progressive reformers that Confucius, too, was "rehabilitated." Unlike Confucius, about whose life many specific and even colorful details are known, the philosopher Laozi (Lao Tse or Lao-Tzu) is an enigma.
Sent 14: Estimates of his date of birth vary by well over a century.
Sent 15: One legend even says he taught the young Confucius.
Sent 16: Laozi is immortalized by his book of thoughts on man, nature, and the universe, Daodejing ("The Way and Its Power"), which became the major text of China's greatest indigenous religion, Daoism (Taoism).
Sent 17: With its emphasis on nature, intuition, the individual, paradox ("The knowledge which is not knowledge"), and the cosmic flow known as "The Way," Daoism became the religion of artists and philosophers.
Sent 18: After the death of Confucius, the Zhou Dynasty entered a period of strife known as the "Warring States" period (475–221 b.c.).

Question: Was the man whose thoughts made up the text, "The Way and Its Power", have legends about his past, that claimed he taught the young Confucius. (true/0)

Chairman Mao
The Great Teacher
Lao Tse or Lao-Tzu
Laozi

Question: What kind of relationships did Confucius say must be hierarchical and dictorial, and if they are not what would happen? (true/1)

Question: How many emperors made the trek to this city to pay homage to the Great Teacher? (true/2)

Question: Was the Mandate of Heaven about hierarchical and dictatorial relationships of order? (false/3)

Yes

Question: Where was Kongfuzi born? (true/4)

Shandong Province in eastern China
Shandong Province
West China
Daodejing

Question: Who is considered the Great Teacher (true/5)

Question: What was the period of strive that started after Kongfuzi (K'ung Fu-tzu) death known as? (false/6)

Question: In what year and providence was Confuius born? (true/7)

Question: According to legend, who taught the young Confucius? (false/8)

Chairman Mao
According to legend, Confucius was taught by Chairman Mao
Laozi
The philosopher Laozi
According to legend, Confucius was taught by the philosopher Laozi

Question: Do we know the exact date of Laozi's birth? (false/9)

No
No. The dates of his birth vary by well over a century
Yes

Question: What is the current name of the Province that the eleven Chinese emperors made pilgrimages to? (true/10)

Shandong Province
Zhou
Fujian
Daodejing

Question: Who's influence was so profound that eleven Chinese emperors made pilgrimages to his birthplace? (true/11)

Twenty-six Chinese emperors have visited his birthplace
The Great Teacher
Confucius
So profound was his influence that eleven Chinese emperors made pilgrimages to the birthplace of the Great Teacher, Confucius
Kongfuzi (Kâung Fu-tzu)

Question: Which philosopher is said to have taught the young Confucius? (true/12)

Question: Who was, at points, both considered semi-divine but also a counter-revolutionary force? (false/13)

Question: Was their dire consequences that inevitably resulted when proper and harmonious relationships between ruler and subject were disturbed. (false/14)

No
Yes

Question: Who was known as the Great Teacher? (false/15)

Question: What is the current name of the land in which Confucius was born? (true/16)

Shandong Province in eastern China
Confucius was born in what is now the Qufu Province in northern China
Confucius was born in what is now Shandong Province in eastern China,
Eastern China

Question: Which philosopher is described as being an enigma and credited with teaching Confucius? (false/17)

Question: Did Kongfuzi (K'ung Fu-tzu) lay great stress on the proper and harmonious relationship between parent and child? (true/18)

No
Yes

Question: Who is thought to have possibly taught Confucius? (false/19)

Paragraph: (History-Anthropology/oanc-HistoryMalaysia-9.txt)
Sent 1: On to the Twentieth Century: The British extended their control over the peninsula by putting together the whole panoply of colonial administration — civil service, public works, judiciary force, police force, post office, education, and land regulation — with teams of British administrators, teachers, engineers, and doctors to go with it.
Sent 2: At the same time, the tin industry, dominated by Chinese using labor-intensive methods in the 19th century, passed increasingly into Western hands, who employed the modern technology of gravel pumps and mining dredges.
Sent 3: Petroleum had been found in northern Borneo, at Miri, and in Brunei, and the Anglo-Dutch Shell company used Singapore as its regional depot for its oil supplies and exports.
Sent 4: But the major breakthrough for the Malay economy was the triumph of rubber, when Singapore's new garden director, Henry Ridle ("Rubber Ridley" to his friends, "Mad Ridley" to all doubting Thomases) had developed new planting and tapping methods and painstakingly spread his faith in rubber around the peninsula.
Sent 5: World demand increased with the growth of the motor-car and electrical industries, and sky-rocketed during World War I. By 1920, Malaya was producing 53 percent of the world's rubber, which had overtaken tin as its main source of income.
Sent 6: The Malay ruling class again took a back seat.
Sent 7: Together with effective control of the rubber and tin industries, the British now firmly held the reins of government.
Sent 8: The sultans were left in charge of local and religious affairs, content with their prestige, prosperity, and security.
Sent 9: The census of 1931 served as an alarm signal for the Malay national consciousness.
Sent 10: Bolstered by a new influx of immigrants to meet the rubber and tin booms of the 1920s, non-Malays now slightly outnumbered the indigenous population.
Sent 11: The Great Depression of 1929 stepped up ethnic competition in the shrinking job market, and nationalism developed to safeguard Malay interests against the Chinese and Indians rather than the British imperial authority.
Sent 12: Though hampered by the peninsula's division into the States and the Straits Settlements, relatively conservative Muslim intellectuals and community leaders came together at the Pan-Malayan Malay Congress in Kuala Lumpur in 1939.
Sent 13: In Singapore the following year, they were joined by representatives from Sarawak and Brunei.
Sent 14: Teachers and journalists urged the revival of the common Malay-Indonesian consciousness, split by the Anglo-Dutch dismemberment of the region in the 19th century.
Sent 15: This spirit became a factor in the gathering clouds of war.

Question: What caused the Malay ruling class to take a back seat? (false/0)

Question: What was happening at the same time that the British extended their control over the peninsula by putting together the whole panoply of colonial administration? (true/1)

Question: Who was joined by representatives from Sarawak and Brunei in Singapore? (true/2)

Paragraph: (History-Anthropology/oanc-HistoryLasVegas-1.txt)
Sent 1: The inhabited history of the Las Vegas Valley stretches to 23,000 b.c.
Sent 2: , when much of the area was covered by a prehistoric lake.
Sent 3: During this period, the indigenous people lived in caves, hunting the mammals that gathered at the shoreline.
Sent 4: The landscape of the valley changed dramatically over the next 200 centuries.
Sent 5: The glaciers feeding the lake melted away and the lake evaporated.
Sent 6: Fossils tell an obscure story of man's slow and sporadic development.
Sent 7: Around 3000 b.c.
Sent 8: , native Archaic Indians began to develop a lasting hunting and gathering culture.
Sent 9: By this time, the valley was in much the same geographic state as it exists in today, with one exception — the presence of artesian springs that bubbled to the surface in several areas.
Sent 10: These springs fed a network of streams draining through the Las Vegas Wash to the Colorado River.
Sent 11: The areas surrounding the springs were desert oases: sprawling collections of grasses, trees, and wildlife.
Sent 12: Many springs lay in areas that would eventually become the center of the modern Las Vegas metropolis.
Sent 13: For about 4000 years, the Archaics thrived in a culture that included many signs of early civilization.
Sent 14: Signs of even more advancement appeared halfway through the first millennium a.d.
Sent 15: , when the Anasazi Indians inhabited the valley.
Sent 16: Far more progressive than the Archaics, the Anasazi utilized such formal agricultural techniques as irrigation to assist their harvest.
Sent 17: This permitted the Anasazi to achieve a benchmark of advanced society — the ability to live in permanent shelters year-round without need to follow wildlife.
Sent 18: Mysteriously, the Anasazi vanished from the valley around a.d.

Question: What was a difference between the hunting and gathering practices of the Archaics and the Anasazi? (true/0)

The Archaics mainly hunted, the Anasazi begin using more advanced agriculture techniques like irrigation
Anasazi were not progressive as the Archaics
The Arachaics used irrigation to keep animals close by
Because of irrigation techniques, the Anasazi didn't have to follow their animals
Anasazi were far more progressive than the Archaics
The Archaics dug out lakes to sustain wildlife
The Archaics chased prey as far away as Washington State

Question: What was the geographic state of Las Vegas in 3000 BC and what rivers did the streams feed? (true/1)

Artesian springs
Same geographic state as it exists in today, Colorado River and Las Vegas Wash
The valley was in much the same geographic state as it exists in today and there was the presence of artesian springs that bubbled to the surface in several areas and fed the Colorado River
A prehistoric lake, Las Vegas Valley
Well watered grasslands
Arid desert

Question: Where were animals commonly found for food in Las Vegas dating back to 23,000bc? (true/2)

Question: Where did the people live and what happened to the landscape over the years? (false/3)

In caves, changed dramatically
Caves
Desert regions
In permanent shelters, utilized for formal agriculture
The people lived in caves, hunting the mammals that gathered at the shoreline.Over the years the glaciers melted and the lake evaporated
New lakes discovered

Question: How did the Archaic Indians survive? (false/4)

They developed a lasting hunting and gathering culture
By stealing from the Anasazi
They had irrigation
Advanced agricultural techniques
They were hunter gatherers, who followed wildlife, lived in caves, and showed primitive signs of civilization

Question: Which group that inhabited the Valley were the most advanced? (true/5)

Question: Why did the prehistoric lake disappear from the Las Vegas Valley? (true/6)

The region was over populated
Because glaciers feeding the lake melted away
The ice age started
Because Indians began to develop a lasting hunting and gathering culture
The glaciers melted
Deforestation

Question: Approximately what year was the Las Vegas Valley covered by a prehistoric lake? (true/7)

23,000 b.c
1500 b.c
Around 3000 b.c
2000 b.c

Question: Approximately when did native Archaic Indians begin to develop a lasting hunting and gathering culture? (false/8)

Question: During what time period did the Anasazi Indians inhabit the Las Vegas valley? (true/9)

Question: How long did the Anasazi inhabit the Las Vegas Valley? (true/10)

4000 years
3000 years
They inhabited the valley from the first millennium A.D. until around a.d

Question: When did the Anasazi begin to inhabit the valley? (true/11)

Question: When did the native Archaic Indians develop a hunting and gathering culture? (false/12)

Question: What allowed the Anasazi to live in permanent shelters? (true/13)

Question: Where did the Anasazi live? (false/14)

Question: When did the artesian springs first appear? (false/15)

Question: Was agriculture and forms early civilization available at any point in Las Vega's history? (false/16)

No
Yes
At times

Question: When does Las Vegas history begin and what covered most of the area? (true/17)

Question: Who was the most advance early civilization that disappeared in Las Vegas? (true/18)

Cherokee
The Anasazi
Nez Perce
Archaics

Question: What permitted the Anasazi to achieve a benchmark of advanced society? (true/19)

Formal agricultural techniques
The use of tipis year round
Bow and arrow
Usage of saltpeter
Formal agricultural techniques like irrigation allowed them to live in permanent shelters year-round without the need to follow wildlife
Permanent shelters
Following wildlife

Question: Where did the indigenous people of Las Vegas hunted? (true/20)

Question: What well known area used to be covered by a prehistoric lake? (false/21)

Paragraph: (History-Anthropology/oanc-HistoryMalaysia-3.txt)
Sent 1: The Glory of Melaka: In the early days, if you were not a pirate or a mosquito, Melaka was not much of a place to live.
Sent 2: The land was infertile, just a swampy plain, the river small and sluggish.
Sent 3: But it had a sheltered harbor, protected from the monsoons by neighboring Sumatra.
Sent 4: Later, the strategic location and deep-water channel close to the coast brought in the bigger vessels of the trade-wind traffic crossing the Indian Ocean.
Sent 5: The first to realize the larger commercial potential, as so often throughout the country's subsequent history, were the Chinese.
Sent 6: In 1409, under a new directive from Emperor Chu Ti to pursue trade in the South Seas and the Indian Ocean, a Chinese fleet of 50 ships headed by Admiral Cheng Ho called in at Melaka.
Sent 7: They made Parameswara an offer he could not refuse: port facilities and an annual financial tribute in exchange for Chinese protection against the marauding Thais.
Sent 8: In 1411, Parameswara took the money to Beijing himself, and the emperor gratefully made him a vassal king.
Sent 9: Twenty years later, the Chinese withdrew again from the South Seas trade.
Sent 10: The new ruler of Melaka, Sri Maharajah, switched his allegiance to the Muslim trading fraternity by marrying into the Muslim faith, wedding the daughter of a sultan in Sumatra.
Sent 11: Islam won its place in Malaya not by conquest — as had been the case in North Africa and Europe — but by trade, dynastic alliances, and peaceful preaching.
Sent 12: Bengali peddlers had already brought the faith to the east coast.
Sent 13: In Melaka and throughout the peninsula, Islam thrived as a strong, male-dominated religion of individuality, offering dynamic leadership and preaching brotherhood and self-reliance — all qualities ideally suited to the coastal trade.
Sent 14: At the same time, Sufi mystics synthesized Islamic teaching with local Malay traditions of animistic magic and charisma, though Islam did not become the state religion until Muzaffar Shah became sultan of Melaka (1446–1459).
Sent 15: But the key figure in the sultanate was Tun Perak, bendahara (prime minister) and military commander.
Sent 16: He expanded Melaka's power along the west coast and down to Singapore and the neighboring Bintan islands.
Sent 17: He also had orang laut pirates patrolling the seas to extort tribute from passing ships.
Sent 18: After Ailied district chiefs had repelled assaults from Thai-controlled armies from Pahang, Tun Perak personally led a famous victory over a Thai fleet off Batu Pahat in 1456.

Question: Describe the land of Melaka (false/0)

It was a great continent with lot of resources
It was infertile, just a swampy plain, the river small and sluggish
A swampy place
Swampy; sheltered harbor to protect from monsoons; but overall unpleasant
In its earliest days, it was a terrible sight to see with its infertile, swampy plain, but Malaka experienced a huge transformation when the chinese settled there
In the early days, it was not much of a place to live
It has been a home for muslims throughout the history
The land was infertile, just a swampy plain, the river small and sluggish

Question: What happened under the rule of Emporer Chu Ti in 1409? (true/1)

Declared war
Pursued trade in the South Seas and the Indian Ocean
The Dutch colonized Melaka
An Agreement was made that protected the Chinese from the Thai
Expanded trade with the South and Indian sea communities
Imported Islam to Melaka and Sumatra

Question: under who's degree was made a vessel King? (false/2)

Question: Who was the key figure in the sultanate and what did he do? (true/3)

Tun Perak; he expanded Melaka's power along the west coast
Sufi mystics
He expanded Melakaâs power along the west coast
Synthesized Islamic teaching with local Malay traditions
Parameswara. he conquered many neighboring islands
Tun Perak, He expanded Malaka's territory down to the west coast
Bendahara (prime minister) and military commander
Tun Perak
Muzaffar Shar

Question: What location is protected from monsoons and from which neighboring country? (true/4)

Question: Who brought Islams to Melaka? (false/5)

Bengali peddlers
Sri Maharajah
Chinese

Question: Who was responsible for a swap in all in allegiance and by what means? (false/6)

Question: What bodies of water were named in the story? (false/7)

Question: What advantage did Melaka's geography provide it? (true/8)

Protects from monsoons
Its geography is a vital choke point of trade with the Japanese
It had a sheltered harbor, protected from monsoons by neighboring Sumatra
Its geography protected the communities from the monsoons by neighboring Sumatra
Its geography provided protection against pirates
It has a sheltered harbor
The swamps

Question: Who was the first emperor to notice the commercial potential to Melaka? (true/9)

Question: What is a positive point about Melaka? (true/10)

Malaka was the trading and business hub of in the region
It had a sheltered harbor, protected from the monsoons by neighboring Sumatra
It had an immense wealth of resources
They offered a dynamic leadership and preaching brotherhood and self-reliance
The land was infertile, just a swampy plain, the river small and sluggish
Sheltered Harbor

Question: Who was the leader who realized the commercial value of the port (true/11)

Question: Name few regions from the story? (true/12)

Question: In what year did the Chinese inhabit Melaka? (true/13)

Question: What military commander ordered tribute from passing ships? (true/14)

Question: Who expanded Melaka's power to Singapore? (true/15)

Question: Why was Melaka not an ideal place for most people to live in its early days? (true/16)

Question: What did Tun Perak do? Name two things. (false/17)

Orang laut pirates patrolling the seas
Expanded Melakaâs power
Spread Islam in Melaka
Expanded power to the south of Melaka (i.e. Singapore)
Fought Thai ships
Led victory over a Thai Fleet and expanded Melaka's power along the west coast
Discovered Melaka
Pursued trade with southern communities

Question: Who owned a fleet of ships in the story? (true/18)

Question: Who had orang laut pirates patrolling the seas to extort tribute from passing ships? (true/19)

Question: Why did Parameswara take money to Beijing in 1411? (true/20)

To ask for protection against the Thais
To give to his family
To help the people
To ask for the construction of a port in Melaka
To become a vessel king
To pay an annual financial tribute in exchange for Chinese protection against the marauding Thais
To seek trading license for Melaka's exports

Question: Who was the first to exploit the commercial potential of the region and who was the admiral who took charge? (false/21)

Question: What did Sri Maharajah do that contributed to Islam winning its place in Malaya? (true/22)

By marrying into muslim faith
He married into the Muslim faith by wedding the daughter of a sultan in Sumatra
Switched his allegiance and conquered the Animistic communities
Evangelized Islam forcefully in Malaya
Declaring war
Married a sultan in Sumatra
Vast army

Question: Why might you might not have wanted to live in Melaka in the early days? (true/23)

Question: What attracted bigger vessels to the island? (true/24)

Deep-water channel close to the coast
Sheltered harbor, protected from the monsoons by neighboring Sumatra
A swampy plain
The strategic location
Well build ship channel
The Muslims
The river small and sluggish
The Chinese
Deep water, sheltered harbor

Question: When did the Chinese withdraw from the South Seas trade? (false/25)

1411
1431
1409
1421

Question: Who was responsible for orang laut pirates extorting tribute from passing ships? (true/26)

Question: Who expanded Melaka's power along the west coast and down to Singapore and the neighboring Bintan islands? (true/27)

Question: In what year did Parameswara take the money to Beijing? (true/28)

Question: Islam won its place in Malaya not by conquest but by who bringing it to the east coast? (true/29)

Parameswara
Bengali peddlers
Trade, dynastic alliances, and peaceful preaching
Sri Maharaja

Question: Which land used to be known as an infertile, swampy plain with a small and sluggish river? (true/30)

Paragraph: (History-Anthropology/oanc-HistoryJapan-6-2.txt)
Sent 1: Enter the Shoguns: Japan's austere, ruthless, but statesmanlike new ruler, Yoritomo Minamoto, set up his government in Kamakura (just south of modern Tokyo), well away from the "softening" influence of court life that had been the undoing of his predecessor, Kiyomori.
Sent 2: First of the national rulers to take the title of sei-i tai-shogun ("barbarian-subduing great general"), Minamoto expanded and consolidated his power by confiscating lands from some of the defeated Taira and redistributing them to his samurai vassals.
Sent 3: Minamoto died in 1199, and the feudal structure passed intact to the tutelage of his widow's family, the Hojo, who were content to play regent to a figurehead shogun, in much the same way as the Fujiwara had done with the emperor.
Sent 4: The fiction of Japanese imperial power had become infinitely extendable.
Sent 5: The emperor at Kyoto — still seconded by a Fujiwara regent at court — legitimized a Minamoto who was himself a military dictator controlled by a Hojo regent.
Sent 6: In a country where form and substance were inextricably interrelated, two things counted in politics: symbolic authority and real power.
Sent 7: Neither could exist without the other.
Sent 8: A thwarted Mongol invasion in 1274 weakened the Kamakura regime.
Sent 9: The fighting brought none of the usual spoils of war that provincial warlords and samurai had come to expect as payment.
Sent 10: And the treasury was empty after earthquake, famine, and plague had crippled the economy.
Sent 11: Buddhist monasteries were using their private armies to support imperial ambitions to bring power back to Kyoto.
Sent 12: Worst of all, the Kamakura warriors, resenting the way the Kyoto court referred to them as "Eastern barbarians," sought refinement in a ruinous taste for luxury: extravagant feasts, rich costumes, and opulent homes.
Sent 13: Kamakura was falling apart.

Question: How did Minamoto expand his power? (true/0)

Softening influence of court life
By confiscating lands from some of the defeated Taira and redistributing them to his samurai vassals
By invading other territories
By setting up set up a government in Kamakura
With help from private Buddhist monastery armies

Question: How did the economy collapse? (true/1)

Question: What are Eastern barbarians? (true/2)

They are barbarians that have ruinous taste for luxury. With extravagant feasts, rich costumes, and opulent homes
Buddhist Monasteries
The Mongols
Kamakura warriors
The Taira
Warriors from the east

Paragraph: (History-Anthropology/oanc-HistoryJapan-5.txt)
Sent 1: The Golden Heian Era: The geomancers in 794 decided that Heian-kyo (modern Kyoto) would be an auspicious site for the imperial family.
Sent 2: It was indeed — until 1869.
Sent 3: Grants of tax-free land over the years had been made to Buddhist temples and members of the court aristocracy.
Sent 4: The most powerful families thus carved out for themselves whole regions that were to become the fiefdoms of Japanese feudalism.
Sent 5: By the end of the eighth century the clans had created a hierarchy of shiki, or rights, from the highest to the lowest ranks of society.
Sent 6: The aristocrat or court patron lent his prestige to a powerful provincial proprietor, who employed a competent estate-manager to oversee smallholders, who in turn worked their farms with dependent laborers.
Sent 7: This elaborate structure of interdependent rights and obligations was to serve Japanese society right into the 20th century.
Sent 8: Meanwhile, Heian court life blossomed in an effusion of aesthetic expression.
Sent 9: Princes and princesses judged the merits of birds, insects, flowers, roots, or seashells.
Sent 10: Literary party games held in ornate palace gardens required each guest to compose a small poem as his wine cup floated toward him along a miniature winding channel of water.
Sent 11: Expeditions were organized to the best viewing points for the first spring cherry blossoms, and special pavilions were built to watch the rising of the full moon.
Sent 12: Every gesture, from the most banal opening of an umbrella to the sublimest act of lovemaking, had its appropriate ceremonial.
Sent 13: Conversation often took the form of elegant exchanges of improvised verse.
Sent 14: The changing role of Chinese culture in Japanese life was epitomized in the language itself.
Sent 15: In the absence of an indigenous alphabet, Japanese scholars had with the greatest difficulty tried to adapt the complex ideograms of monosyllabic Chinese to the essentially polysyllabic Japanese.
Sent 16: Thus developed the katakana system used as a vehicle for writing Buddhist names and concepts.
Sent 17: After rival Fujiwara factions had been struggling for years to gain control of the imperial throne, they turned to the Taira and Minamoto armies in 1156 to wage the four-year war that heralded the end of the golden age of the Heian court.
Sent 18: The Taira, controlling the region along the Inland Sea, defeated the Minamoto armies based in the Kanto province east of the capital.

Question: Who developed the katakana system? (false/0)

Question: When was the end Heian-kyo as a site for the imperial family? (false/1)

1869
20th century
1855

Question: What allowed powerful families to claim large regions before the height of Japanese feudalism? (false/2)

Grants of tax-free land to members of the court aristocracy and Buddhist temples
By creating a hierarchy of shiki
Grants of tax-free land
The emperor

Question: When did the Golden Heian Era end? (false/3)

794
1156
1969
1869

Question: What is the time period for the use of the hierarchy of Shiki used? (false/4)

21st Century
18th century
The eighth century into the 20th century
666

Question: What led to the development of the katakana system? (true/5)

Question: What led to the Tiara army defeating the Minamoto armies? (true/6)

Love
War
Katakana System
Rival Fujiwara factions

Question: What time period was Heian-kyo used as a site for the imperial family? (true/7)

20th Century
Japanese Life
1899
From 794 to 1869

Question: How did Japanese feudalism impact Kyoto? (true/8)

Powerful families claimed whole regions
The king claimed many lands
It was abolished
The Japanese feuded with the Chinese
The geomancers in 794 decided that Heian-kyo (modern Kyoto) would be an auspicious site for the imperial family. Sent 2: It was indeedâââuntil 1869
The most powerful families claimed whole regions to serve as their families fiefdoms while establishing a hierarchy within the society

Question: What was the Japanese word for the elaborate structure of interdependent rights and obligations that served Japanese society into the 20th century? (true/9)

Shiki
Sushimi

Question: Why were the most powerful families able to obtain whole regions for themselves? (false/10)

By grants of tax-free land over the years
Atta's personalities
Grants of tax-free land had been given over the years to these members of the court aristocracy
By creating a hierarchy of shiki

Question: Which people were able to experience, for example, literary party games in ornate palace gardens and expeditions to the best places to see the first spring cherry blossoms? (false/11)

Question: Who invaded Kyoto and what was the outcome? (true/12)

The Buddhists
Japanese scholars
Realize
The Heians
The Chinese
Rival Fujiwara factions, the Taira & Minamoto Armies. The Heian Court fell and the Minamoto Armies were defeated

Question: In Heian court life, princes and princesses judge merits of creatures and items based on what category? (false/13)

Question: What lead to the development of katakana system? (false/14)

In the absence of an indigenous alphabet, Japanese scholars had with the greatest difficulty tried to adapt the complex ideograms of monosyllabic Chinese to the essentially polysyllabic Japanese
The Buddhists
A need for language
The changing role of Chinese culture
The Chinese
The absences of an indigenous alphabet

Question: The changing in Chinese culture in Japanese life eventually had what written language develop? (true/15)

Paragraph: (History-Anthropology/masc-Madame_White_Snake-1.txt)
Sent 1: "Femme" is an apt description of the depiction of Madame White Snake and all her incarnations.
Sent 2: It refers to a woman who is dangerously attractive, and lures men to their downfall with her sexual attractiveness.
Sent 3: In both incarnations of Madame White snake, the authors depict her as bewitchingly beautiful.
Sent 4: Toyoo, her human lover in "Lust of the White Serpant" cannot shake the image of her beauty from his mind and dreams of her, and finds himself "disturbed and agitated" by her "ethereal beauty".
Sent 5: In "Eternal Prisoner," Madame White Snake's bewitching beauty follows her lover Hsü into his dreams, and the next morning "he was so distracted that he could not concentrate on doing business." Both of these stories align negative connotations with her beauty, suggesting that her sexuality is the cause of their distraction.
Sent 6: In addition to distracting sexuality, the irregular characterization of Madame White Snake might be another trait her character has in common with the archetypical noir femme fatale.
Sent 7: In her essay analyzing the noir film from a feminist perspective, Christine Gledhill writes "Not only is the hero frequently not sure whether the woman is honest or a deceiver, but the heroine's characterisation is itself fractured so that it is not evident to the audience whether she fills the [femme fatale] stereotype or not".

Question: Is Toyoo Madame White Snake's Lover in "Eternal Prisoner"? (true/0)

Only for half of the story
No, he is her lover in, "Lust of the White Serpent"

Question: Who is Toyoo's lover in "Lust of the White Serpant?" (true/1)

A woman described as femme
HsÃ¼
Christine Gledhill
Madame White Snake

Question: What works are about Madame White Snake? (true/2)

Lust of the White Serpant and Eternal Prisoner
Lust of the White Serpent, and Eternal Prisoner
Femme and Eternal Prisoner
Eternal Prisoner's Lust
White Snake
Works with , "Serpent", and, "Prisoner", in their names

Question: What are the two incarnations of Madame White Snake? (false/3)

An eternal prison and Toyoo's mother
Lust of the White Serpant and Eternal Prisoner
A dragon and a snake
A woman in, "Eternal Prisoner", and, "Lust of the White Serpent"
Lover of Hsu and motherof Toyoo
Lover of Toyoo and Lover of Hsu
A beautiful and seductive women in two different stores

Question: What does femme refer to? (false/4)

Femme refers to a woman who is dangerously attractive, and lures men to their downfall with her sexual attractiveness
Feminism
A sexually seductive woman
A bewitchingly beautiful woman
All women
Woman who is dangerously attractive, and lures men to their downfall with her sexual attractiveness
A true lover

Question: Who does Toyso dream about in "Lust of the White Serpent"? (true/5)

His lover HsÃ¼
The Snake Queen
He is fond of dreams
"Madame White snake"

Question: Why is Madam White Snake described as a "femme"? (true/6)

Negative connotations with her beauty
Femme is her pet name
She is bewitchingly beautiful
She's really a male
She likes snakes
Her beauty stays in the mind over her lovers and agitates them

Question: How is Madame White Snack characterized? (false/7)

A sexually attractive prisoner
As bewitchingly beautiful
As "Femme"
Deceitful like a snake
As bewitching beauty
Dangerously attractive, and lures men to their downfall with her sexual attractiveness, bewitchingly beautiful, ethereal beauty, possibly deceptive
As true lover

Question: What are the names of Madame White's Snake lovers. (true/8)

Question: In this passage, "Femme" is referring to what kind of woman? (true/9)

A sexually attractive woman
A beautiful woman
One that is dangerously attractive and lures men to their downfall with her sexual attractiveness
Bewitching beauty
A woman prisoner
A feminist woman
Cute lover

Question: Who is the her in "Toyoo, her human lover"? (true/10)

Question: What term refers to a dangerously attractive woman who often leads a man to his downfall? (false/11)

Seducer
"Femme"
Siren of the sea
Etherial beauty

Question: Name three effect Madame white snack beauty has on her lovers? (false/12)

Imprisoned, excited, scared
Nauseating, insomnia, cold to the bone
Progress, sexuality and madness
Distraction, Sexuality and downfall
Disctraction, disturbed and agitated

Question: What does Madame White Snake use to distract and deceive? (true/13)

Question: What does the word "Femme" refer to? (true/14)

A woman who is dangerously attractive, and lures men to their downfall with her sexual attractiveness
A nude female
Feminism
A white snake
A woman who is dangerously attractive
A sexually attractive women

Question: How many lovers of Madame White Snake does this passage refer to? (true/15)

Paragraph: (History-Anthropology/oanc-HistoryIndia-21.txt)
Sent 1: Independence with Partition: The British began to see India's independence as inevitable; however, only a few seemed to understand the vital role of the religious groups.
Sent 2: Britain prepared a parliamentary democracy with majority rule, but the majority were Hindus — and Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs had been killing each other in war for many centuries.
Sent 3: Nehru's Congress Party, largely Hindu with a socialist leadership, wanted a parliamentary democracy.
Sent 4: As counterweight, British legislation reserved parliamentary seats for religious minorities, but the Punjab and Bengal had such a complicated mixture of Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs that it was not possible to avoid fights over how separate constituencies were to be formed.
Sent 5: The seeds of future trouble were sown.
Sent 6: The legislation on reserving seats gave the Muslims the basis for an alternative to an India in which they were only a quarter of the population: Partition.
Sent 7: In 1930, the poet Muhammad Iqbal proposed a separate Muslim homeland in the northwest of India.
Sent 8: A small group of Indian Muslims at Cambridge came up with the name Pakistan, using the initials of the Punjab, Afghania (N.W. Frontier Province), Kashmir, and Sind (at the same time producing the word pak, meaning "pure"), and adding "stan," the Persian suffix for the word "country.
Sent 9: " The Muslim campaign for Partition was led by London-trained Bombay lawyer, Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
Sent 10: Meanwhile, Gandhi vehemently opposed any dismemberment of the country, and tried to keep people united by fasting to uphold the spirit of love, and by focussing on the common adversary: the British.
Sent 11: Advocating civil disobedience, he led his famous Salt March to the sea, to scoop up salt and circumvent the hated British salt tax.
Sent 12: This put more than 60,000 in jail.
Sent 13: Against this militancy, World War II did not elicit the solidarity of the first.
Sent 14: Indians courageously fought alongside the British troops, in Burma, the Middle East, and Europe, but Gandhi saw the British as a provocation for Japanese invasion and was jailed yet again, for launching a "Quit India" campaign in the year 1942.
Sent 15: Some anti-British extremists saw the Japanese as an Asian liberator.
Sent 16: Winston Churchill didn't want any Indian independence and so it was probably as well for India that he was defeated by Attlee's Labor Party in 1945.
Sent 17: With riots growing ever more bloody in Bengal, Bihar, and the Punjab, India's last viceroy, Lord Mountbatten, kept a mandate to make the British departure as quick and as smooth as possible.
Sent 18: Quick it was — six months after his arrival — but not smooth.

Question: Who were the main religious groups involved in India's Independence struggles? (true/0)

Question: Who led the famous Salt March to the sea? (false/1)

Question: How long did the British departure from India take? (true/2)

Question: What did Gandhi disagree with Muhammad Ali Jinnah about? (true/3)

Whether or not to keep British rule
The partition of India
The idea of Quit India movement
How much to charge for salt
Partition by the Muslims

Question: What act of civil disobedience put more than 60,000 in jail? (false/4)

Question: How many people were jailed because of the Salt March? (false/5)

Question: Who gave the Muslims the idea of partition? (true/6)

Ghandi
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Muhammadali Jinnah
Winston Churchill

Question: What march was held by Gandhi to refocus his country's citizens on the common adversary-the British? (true/7)

Question: Who led his famous Salt March to the sea, to scoop up salt and circumvent the hated British salt tax? (true/8)

Question: Why would Nehru's largely Hindu Congress Party want a parliamentary democracy? (false/9)

To become a part of Japan
Because. parliamentary democracy has majority rule and Hindus were the majority
To upset Britain
They were socialists and wanted all groups to have a say in how the new country was run, to avoid further violence
Since he wanted to rule
To elect a king

Question: In 1930, the poet Muhammad Iqbal proposed a separate Muslim homeland in the northwest of India. This proposal began the birth of what country? (true/10)

Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Uzbekistan

Question: What did Gandhi disagree about with Winston Churchill? (false/11)

Independence of India
Indian independence
World War II
American independence
About the formation of Pakistan
Winston Churchill did not want Indian independence and Gandhi did

Question: What happened to many Indian people when they participated in the Salt March to protest the British salt tax? (true/12)

Killed in firing
They ate too much salt and got sick
They were jailed
More than 60,000 of them ended up in jail
The British government supported them

Paragraph: (History-Anthropology/oanc-HistoryLasVegas-3.txt)
Sent 1: Dam Good Luck: From the beginning, Las Vegas was built to serve travelers.
Sent 2: The railroad needed a way station, and Las Vegas was the place.
Sent 3: Growth continued for ten years, and by 1915 the town had telephones, round-the-clock electricity, and a growing population — many of whom worked in the railroad repair shop.
Sent 4: But such heady progress would soon come to a halt.
Sent 5: The growing competition in rail transport resulted in Union Pacific buying the Los Angeles–Salt Lake line.
Sent 6: Union Pacific then consolidated its operations, eliminating the Las Vegas repair facility.
Sent 7: Additionally, Las Vegas had been made a part of Nevada's new Clark County in 1909, a year when the legislature also outlawed gambling.
Sent 8: These unfortunate circumstances threatened to relegate Las Vegas to the status of a small desert community that could no longer support its 3000 residents.
Sent 9: But the southwest's growing need for water, combined with Las Vegas's fortuitous proximity to the Colorado River, would give Las Vegas a second chance to achieve prosperity.
Sent 10: Construction on Hoover Dam (originally Boulder Dam, subsequently renamed for the president who authorized the project) began in 1931 in a canyon 45 miles (72 km) southeast of Las Vegas.
Sent 11: Providing an influx of $165 million to the southwestern economy, Hoover Dam played a major role in preventing Las Vegas from drying up, both financially and literally.
Sent 12: Not only did it create jobs, but it also created Lake Mead, the massive reservoir that today provides water to all of southern Nevada.
Sent 13: More Government Help: The construction of Hoover Dam did not single-handedly save Las Vegas, however.
Sent 14: The state legislature helped as well, by legalizing gambling in 1931 and thus solidifying the future of the town, though legislators and residents could never have known this at the time.
Sent 15: The hordes of people who attended Hoover Dam's 1935 dedication set the city's now-formidable public relations machine into action.
Sent 16: They went to work on what has become one of the lengthiest citywide tourism campaigns ever attempted.
Sent 17: It didn't take long for the city to establish itself as a wild-West town with an "anything goes" attitude.
Sent 18: Vices outlawed or heavily controlled elsewhere were legal here, available any hour of any day (or night).

Question: What was the answer to the southwest's need for water? (false/0)

Building a water wall
The Hoover Dam construction
The redevelopment of the LV desert
Constructing the Hoover Dam
Construction for the Hoover Dam

Question: Who worked at making the lengthiest city wide tourism campaigns ever made? (true/1)

Question: What stopped the progress of Las Vegas? (true/2)

The elimination of its repair facility and outlawed gambling
Las Vegas was a part of Clark County which outlawed gambling
Eliminating the repair facility
Shutting down the power
The temperatures of the desert were too overwhelming

Question: What town had telephones, round-the-clock electricity, and a growing population by 1915? (true/3)

Question: What man-made construction ended up creating jobs and also creating Lake Mead? (true/4)

Question: In what city was the lengthiest city wide tourism campaigns ever made? (true/5)

Sin City
Boulder
Las Vegas

Question: What happened to the operations after Union Pacific purchased the Los Angeles-Salt Lake line? (true/6)

It consolidated them thus eliminating the Las Vegas repair facility
They continued the project and expanded the area
They consolidated the operations
They were consilated
They came together

Question: What circumstances threatened to relegate Las Vegas to the status of a small desert community that could no longer support its 3000 residents? (true/7)

Paragraph: (History-Anthropology/oanc-HistoryJerusalem-4.txt)
Sent 1: Crusaders, Mamelukes, and Turks: The Crusaders established a feudal Christian state with Godfrey at its head.
Sent 2: They built many impressive churches during the term of the first Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, but in 1187 they were driven out by Muslim forces under the great warrior Saladin.
Sent 3: During the Sixth Crusade (1228– 1229), the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II managed to secure Jerusalem for the Christians by negotiation.
Sent 4: The Christians, however, could not hold the city.
Sent 5: After they lost Jerusalem, a Mongol invasion swept through, and in 1244 the Mameluke dynasty of Egypt took control, ruling Jerusalem for the next 250 years.
Sent 6: The city struggled to rebuild from Crusader wars and invasions.
Sent 7: Much of the best Islamic architecture in the city was constructed in the Mameluke era, but the past thousand years had taken their toll: Jerusalem was unable to regain the prosperity it had enjoyed in earlier times.
Sent 8: In the early 16th century, the Ottoman Turkish Empire was advancing through the Middle East.
Sent 9: Jerusalem fell to the Ottomans in 1517, remaining under their control for 400 years.
Sent 10: Suleiman the Magnificent rebuilt the walls and gates in the form they retain to this day.
Sent 11: Fountains, inns, religious schools, and barracks were constructed.
Sent 12: But when Suleiman died, his empire, including Jerusalem, began a long period of decline.
Sent 13: The Holy City remained a backwater until the 19th century, when renewed interest among Christian pilgrims made it the destination of thousands of travelers each year.

Question: What happened during the Sixth Crusade with the Christians? (false/challenge)

Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II managed to secure Jerusalem for the Christians by negotiation.
They gained Jerusalem but lost it shortly after.
Christians gained control of Jerusalem
The Mameluke Dynasty took control of Jerusalem
The Ottoman Empire took control of Jerusalem
the muslims were able to overtake the territory
Saladin took over Jerusalem

Question: What happened to Jerusalem after the Christians lost it? (false/challenge)

a Mongol invasion swept through
Jerusalem's prosperity dwindled
The Mameluke dynasty took control and struggled to rebuild it.
A lot of Islamic art was created in Jerusalem.
Rome's prosperity dwindled
Jerusalem became rich
the muslims left and went elsewhere

Question: Who ruled Jerusalem at some point? (false/additional)

Question: Who did NOT rule Jerusalem at some point? (false/additional)

Question: Who built many impressive churches during the term of the first Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem? (false/challenge)

Question: During the Sixth Crusade, what city could the Christians not hold? (false/challenge)

Question: Who had fountains, inns, religious schools, and barracks constructed in Jerusalem? (false/challenge)

Suleiman the Magnificent
Alexander the Great
the christians
Caesar Augustus

Question: Who was driven out by Muslim forces under the great warrior Saladin in 1187? (false/challenge)

The Crusaders
Gladiators
Templars
the muslims

Question: What city struggled to rebuild from Crusader wars and invasions? (false/additional)

Paragraph: (History-Anthropology/oanc-China-History-2.txt)
Sent 1: Hundreds of thousands of years before China was to become the world's longest-running civilization, the prologue was enacted by means of the flicker of a carefully tended fire.
Sent 2: Peking Man, a forebear of Homo sapiens, achieved a mastery of fire.
Sent 3: We might call it the first Chinese invention.
Sent 4: Not that he devised flint and steel, matches, or any other way of creating fire.
Sent 5: Peking Man simply learned how to capture flame, perhaps from a forest fire, and keep it alight.
Sent 6: He thus enjoyed two revolutionary luxuries: light and heat.
Sent 7: Technologically and sociologically, it was a phenomenal breakthrough: with fire, communities could live year 'round in one cave, in which cooking and even smelting could be pursued.
Sent 8: And so, by 600,000 b.c., about 50 km (31 miles) southwest of present-day Beijing, the ancestors of mankind were ready to settle down.
Sent 9: Several hundred thousand years later, when Marco Polo reached the capital of China, he was astonished by a further development in fire technology.
Sent 10: The Chinese, he announced, used black stones dug out of mountains as fuel.
Sent 11: Europeans did not yet have a word for "coal," nor had they discovered a use for it.
Sent 12: The First Dynasty The confluence of mythology and history in China took place around 4,000 years ago during what is referred to as the Xia (Hsia) Dynasty.
Sent 13: This was still the Stone Age, but the people are thought to have made silk from thread produced by the worms they cultivated on the leaves of their mulberry trees.
Sent 14: And written language (which evolved as early as 4,500 to 5,000 years ago) was already in use, originally by oracles and then by official scribes — China's first scholars.
Sent 15: During the second of the quasi-legendary dynasties, the Shang (from about the 16th to 11th centuries b.c.), the Chinese developed an interest in art.
Sent 16: Careful geometric designs as well as dragon and bird motifs adorned bowls and implements.
Sent 17: And with the arrival of the Bronze Age, the Chinese created bronze vessels of such beauty and originality that, until modern times, archaeologists refused to believe they were cast 3,000 years ago.
Sent 18: The Shang Dynasty gave rise to the concept of one Chinese nation under one government.

Question: What new fire technology astonished Marco Polo when he reached the capital of China? (true/0)

Question: What type of pre historic man was credited with the first Chinese invention and what was invented? (true/1)

Question: Where did man get fire and what luxuries did it provide? (true/2)

Capture flame, perhaps from a forest fire, and kept it alight
Light and heat
Rubbing two sticks together and it provided heat
A way to cook food
He got fire from a forest fire and it provided heat and light
Accidental discovery from lightening strike
They learned to retain flame from another source, like a forest fire, and it provided warmth and light

Question: Who designed geometric bowls and bronze vessels? (true/3)

The Shang Dynasty
Homosapiens
The Shang
Xia Dynasty

Question: Where would the Peking man capture flame and heat? (true/4)

Question: When did the Hsia Dynasty first made silk? (false/5)

Question: Peking Man achieved a mastery of fire in what is currently which nation? (true/6)

America
Beijing
China

Question: What were the Chinese using coal for? (false/7)

Fire
Food
Fuel

Question: What did the second quasi-legendary dynasty give rise to the concept of? (true/8)

Question: What is the modern-day name for the fuel Marco Polo found when he reached the capital of China? (true/9)

Coal
Black stones
Rocks

Question: Did written language exist during The First Dynasty in China? (false/10)

No
Yes

Question: Approximately how many years passed between the Xia Dynasty and the creation of the oldest known bronze vessels in China? (false/11)

Question: Who achieved what might be called the first Chinese invention? (false/12)

Peking Man
The Shang
Marco Polo

Question: Who were the second dynasty to create art? (true/13)

Shang Dynasty
Quasi-legendary dynasties
The Shang
Xia Dynasty

Question: What might be called the first Chinese invention? (true/14)

Peking Man
The mastery of fire
Fire
Fuel

Question: Who enjoyed the two revolutionary luxuries of light and heat? (true/15)

Peking Man
Marco Polo
Christopher columbus

Question: Who could be called the first Chinese inventor? (true/16)

The shang dynasty
Peking man
Marco Polo

Question: Who was the mastery of fire? (true/17)

Question: What dynasty brought about the interest in art and the concept of one Chinese nation under one government? (false/18)

Chinese
The Shang Dynasty
The Shang dynasty brought about an interest in art and the concept of one Chinese nation under one government
Xia Dynasty
Shang

Question: This famous explorer , after reaching China's capital city reported that the Chinese used what color rocks to make fire? (true/19)

Marco Polo was amazed they used black rocks for fuel
Peking man said the chinese used coal to make fire
Black
Cobalt blue rocks
Marco Polo said the Chinese used coal to make fire

Question: When the Xia Dynasty came about was written language already in place? (true/20)

No
Yes
No. The Xia Dynasty was 4,000 years ago and written language appears 4,000 to 5,000 years ago

Question: What development in fire technology did Marco Polo discover when he reached the capital of China? (true/21)

Question: Which Chinese dynasty is associated with careful geometric designs as well as dragon and bird motifs? (true/22)

The Shang Dynasty
The Xia Dynasty
Shang
First

Question: The first Chinese invention involved a master of what subject? (true/23)

Question: What did a mastery of fire achieve for Peking Man? (false/24)

Question: What period was the Xia (Hsia) Dynasty during? (false/25)

Question: What sort of fuel source allowed settlement of which major city in China? (false/26)

Question: Where were black stones dug from and had the Europeans found a use for this? (true/27)

Mountains, no
Yes
Ground
They were dug from mountains and Europeans had not discovered a use for the product

Question: During the Shang Dynasty, the Chinese developed an interest in what type of designs? (true/28)

Question: Which European explorer discovered that the Chinese used black stones dug out of mountains as fuel? (true/29)

Peking Man
Marco Polo
Christopher columbus

Paragraph: (History-Anthropology/oanc-HistoryMadeira-1-2.txt)
Sent 1: Befitting a lush, tropical island stranded in the middle of the ocean, Madeira’s origins are shrouded in mystery and fanciful legend.
Sent 2: Some claim that the archipelago is what remains of Plato’s lost Atlantis, or part of a landmass that once fused the continents of Europe and America.
Sent 3: The Portuguese Step Ashore: Recorded history of the volcanic archipelago begins in relatively recent times: 1418, just as the golden age of Portuguese discovery was erupting.
Sent 4: Under the leadership of Henry the Navigator, caravels set out from the westernmost point of the Algarve, in southern Portugal, in search of foreign lands, fame, and wealth.
Sent 5: João Gonçalves Zarco, sailing in the service of Prince Henry, made the first of many famous Portuguese discoveries, which would culminate a century later in Magellan’s historic circumnavigation of the globe.
Sent 6: Zarco happened upon a small volcanic archipelago 1,000 km from Lisbon.
Sent 7: Perhaps Zarco knew precisely where he was heading, having learned of the existence of Madeira from a Castilian source.
Sent 8: After all, the waters of the Canary Islands, only 445 km (275 miles) to the south, had occupied busy shipping lanes for very nearly a century, and Genovese maps from the mid-14th century depict both Madeira and Porto Santo.
Sent 9: More likely, Zarco was heading for Guinea and storms forced him onto the beach of Porto Santo.
Sent 10: If so, then he was extremely fortunate, for he managed to land on the only large, sandy beach for hundreds of miles around.
Sent 11: Little wonder he subsequently named it Porto Santo (Holy Port).
Sent 12: The following year Zarco returned to claim the larger island he had seen from Porto Santo, and with him went Tristão Vaz Teixeira and Bartolomeu Perestrelo.
Sent 13: They officially became the first men to set foot on the heavily forested island, naming it Ilha da Madeira, “Island of Timber.
Sent 14: ” The Portuguese Crown, delighted with its first important discovery, immediately embarked on a program of colonization.
Sent 15: Zarco and Teixeira were appointed co-governors of Madeira, while Perestrelo was awarded Porto Santo.

Question: In what year did the recorded history of Madeira begin? (false/challenge)

Question: According to legend, the lost civilization of Atlantis was located on or near what archipelago? (false/challenge)

Madeira
Porto Santo
the volcanic archipelago
Portugal

Question: Zarco happened upon a small volcanic archipelago near Lisbon following the orders of which leader? (false/challenge)

Question: What is the last name of the explorer who came up with the name Porto Santo (Holy Port)? (false/additional)

Question: Officially, Zarco, Perestrelo, and what other man were the first three men to set foot on Ilha da Madeira? (false/challenge)

TristÃ£o Vaz Teixeira
Henry the Navigator
Bartolomeu
Prince Henry,

Question: Which tropical island is claimed by some to be the remains of Plato’s lost Atlantis? (false/challenge)

Madeira
Porto Santo
Hawaii
the Canary Islands

Question: Who was fortunate enough to land on the only large, sandy beach for hundreds of miles around? (false/additional)

Question: What was the name of the small volcanic archipelago that Zarco happened upon? (false/additional)

Question: Which tropical island is claimed by some to be part of a landmass that once fused the continents of Europe and America? (false/challenge)

Paragraph: (History-Anthropology/masc-Madame_White_Snake-0.txt)
Sent 1: Madame White Snake: East Asian Femme Fatale of Old The Chinese legend of Madame White Snake, the snake demon that takes human form and becomes the wife of a man, has exerted a lasting influence over East Asian folktales and fiction for centuries.
Sent 2: Two quintessential novellas, "The Lust of the White Serpant" from Ugetsu Monogatari by the Japanese author Ueda Akinari and "Eternal Prisoner under Thunder Peak Pagoda" a traditional Chinese story, are both relatively complex and demonstrate not only the evolution of the White Snake figure to become a more believable human, but also what aspects may have given her enduring appeal.
Sent 3: While both these stories are ostensibly morality tales about the dangerous beauty of this femme fatale, the true source of pleasure from these narratives is the femme fatale's transgressive behavior, not her eventual punishment for it.
Sent 4: Early tales of Madame White Snake appeared in China as early as the Song Dynasty, and initially her portrayal was fairly direct, as a villainous demon who drains the life force out of her human husband.
Sent 5: But over time, characterizations of her became more complex, and the persona of Madame White Snake became more sympathetic, and perhaps even a model of the ideal Confucian wife, particularly in "Pagoda".
Sent 6: Whalen Lai notes, "She was a loving wife, a caring mother, rescuer of her family from the first flood, and, at that point, a general benefactor of man.
Sent 7: She took on the virtues of a traditional Chinese female, particularly forbearance".
Sent 8: But if she were really an ideal wife, why could she not live happily with her human mate?
Sent 9: Her dangerous sexuality is the key.
Sent 10: Femme fatale might seem an unusual term to apply to a character from pre-modern Chinese and Japanese literature who may exemplify the virtues of an ideal Confucian wife, since it is primarily associated with film characters, particularly those of the film noir genre.
Sent 11: But this term, which is relatively speaking, a neologism (The earliest uses were around the beginning of the 20th century

Question: What neologism can be applied to Madame White Snake? (true/0)

Question: Why was it hard for Madame White snake to be the ideal wife? (false/1)

Her openness
Because of her dangerous sexuality
Virtuous
Neologism

Question: How has the character "Madame White Snake" evolved over time? (true/2)

The snake demon that takes human form and becomes the wife of a man
Initially portrayed as direct, a villainous demon who drains the life force out of her human husband. But over time, characterizations of her became more complex, and the persona of Madame White Snake became more sympathetic, and perhaps even a model of the ideal Confucian wife, particularly in "Pagoda"
The fish demon that takes human form and becomes the wife of a man

Question: Whose dangerous sexuality is key to understanding why she could not live happily with her husband? (false/3)

Madame black Snake
Femme Fatale
Madame White Snake

Question: What kind of tales are "The Lust of the White Serpent" and the "Eternal Prisoner under Thunder Peak Pagoda?" (true/4)

Black snake
Demonstrate not only the evolution of the White Snake figure to become a more believable human, but also what aspects may have given her enduring appeal
Morality
Morality tales
Song Dynasty
Self Portrait

Question: Has Madame White Snake been perceived as both a villainous demon and someone who exemplify the virtues of an ideal Confucian wife? (true/5)

Clearly one can be seen as a villainous demon or someone who exemplifies the virtues of a Confucian wife but not both
Her portrayal was fairly direct, as a villainous demon who drains the life force out of her human husband. But over time, characterizations of her became more complex, and the persona of Madame White Snake became more sympathetic, and perhaps even a model of the ideal Confucian wife, particularly in âPagodaâ
No
Yes
No, just ideal wife
No, just villainous

Question: Around what time was the term Femme Fatale begun to be used? (false/6)

Beginning of the 1st century
Around the 20th Century
Beginning of the 2nd century

Question: What novellas are morality tales about Asia's Femme Fatale White Snake? (false/7)

"Love", "Hate"
Pagoda
"The Lust of the White Snake" and "Eternal Prisoner under Thunder Peak Pagoda"
âThe Lust of the White Serpantâ & âEternal Prisoner under Thunder Peak Pagodaâ
Madam White Snake

Question: Could Madame White Snake live out a normal life with her mate, why or why not? (true/8)

No, because of her evil character
Yes
No, because of her dangerous sexuality
Yes, because she made an ideal wife
She was really an ideal wife and could live comfortably and happily with her human mate forever

Question: How does Whalen Lai describe Madame White Snake? (false/9)

Femme fatale
Heroism
Whalen Lai notes, "She was a loving wife, a caring mother, rescuer of her family from the first flood, and, at that point, a general benefactor of man. She took on the virtues of a traditional Chinese female, particularly forbearance"
Ideal wife

Question: What are the stories "The Lust of the White Serpant" from Ugetsu Monogatari by the Japanese author Ueda Akinari and "Eternal Prisoner under Thunder Peak Pagoda" a traditional Chinese story, about? (true/10)

The evolution of the White Snake figure to become a more believable human, but also what aspects may have given her enduring appeal
While both these stories are ostensibly morality tales about the dangerous beauty of this femme fatale, the true source of pleasure from these narratives is the femme fatale's transgressive behavior, not her eventual punishment for it
Enduring distraction

Question: Who took on the virtues of a traditional Chinese female over time in Asia? (false/11)

Question: What notes did Whalen Lai say about Madame White Snake? (true/12)

She was a hatred type
She was a loving wife, a caring mother, rescuer of her family from the first flood, and, at that point, a general benefactor of man

Question: Madame White Snake was peculiar being, what did she do to her human husband? (false/13)

Revives
Drained the life force out of her human husband

Question: What type of stories are "The Lust of the White Serpant" and "Eternal Prisoner under Thunder Peak Pagoda"? (true/14)

Question: What was Early tales of Madame White Snake initial portrayal? (true/15)

Paragraph: (History-Anthropology/oanc-HistoryMalaysia-5.txt)
Sent 1: The Dutch Take Over: Intent on capturing a piece of the Portuguese trade in pepper and other spices, the Java-based Dutch Ailied with the Malays in 1633 to blockade Melaka.
Sent 2: The trade blockade was to last eight years, and ended in a seven-month siege.
Sent 3: The Portuguese surrendered in 1641, wracked by malaria and dysentery and denied their usual reinforcements from Goa.
Sent 4: By then, the city had become a stagnant backwater.
Sent 5: Unlike the Portuguese, the Dutch decided to do business with the Malays of Johor, who controlled the southern half of the peninsula together with Singapore and the neighboring Riau islands.
Sent 6: A trade treaty gave the Dutch command of the spice trade but reserved Johor's rights in tin exports from Perak, Selangor, and Klang.
Sent 7: Without ever retrieving the supremacy of the old Melaka sultanate, Johor had become the strongest Asian power in the region.
Sent 8: For the Dutch, Johor provided a buffer against other Europeans.
Sent 9: Meanwhile, fresh blood came in with the migration into the southern interior of hardy Minangkabau farmers from Sumatra, while tough Bugis warriors from the east Indonesian Celebes (Sulawesi) roved the length and breadth of the peninsula.
Sent 10: The Minangkabau custom of freely electing their leaders provided the model for rulership elections in modern federal Malaysia.
Sent 11: Their confederation of States became today's Negeri Sembilan ("Nine States"), with Seremban as its capital.
Sent 12: The name Minangkabau itself means roughly "buffalo horns" and is reflected in the distinctive upward curving roof in museums and government offices built in the traditional Minangkabau style.
Sent 13: The Bugis were energetic merchants and great sailors.
Sent 14: With the Dutch concentrating once more on Java and the Moluccas in the 18th century, the Bugis took advantage of the vacuum by raiding Perak and Kedah, imposing their chieftains in Selangor and becoming the power behind the throne in Johor.
Sent 15: The Bugis in Johor's administration provided much of the spirit in that State's independent stand in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Sent 16: Throughout this period, the east coast states enjoyed a relatively tranquil prosperity, Terengganu notably thriving from its textile industry and trading in pepper and gold with the Thais, Cambodians, and Chinese.
Sent 17: The British, under the private auspices of the East India Company (EIC), were beginning to poke their noses into North Borneo.

Question: Who's confederation of States became today's Negeri Sembilan? (true/0)

Question: The Java-based Dutch and the Malays expected their blockade against Melaka to last how long? (true/1)

Question: During what centuries did Terengganu thrive from its textile industry and trading in pepper and gold? (false/2)

Paragraph: (History-Anthropology/oanc-HistoryIbiza-0.txt)
Sent 1: A handful of Bronze Age relics has fostered an assumption that prehistoric settlers inhabited Ibiza thousands of years ago.
Sent 2: Greater evidence of such a people is found on Mallorca and Menorca than on Ibiza, but one of the Balearics' most important sites is actually on the island of Formentera, where the megalithic monument/tomb of Ca Na Costa has been dated to 2000 b.c.
Sent 3: Ibiza's key location between Africa and ancient Iberia made it a convenient stopover for Mediterranean seafarers, such as the Phoenician traders, who called the island Ibosim.
Sent 4: The Greeks dubbed it Ebysos, the Romans called it Ebusus, and the Moors, Yebisah.
Sent 5: The Carthaginians: A detailed history of the island doesn't begin until it became a colony of Carthage in the 7th century b.c.
Sent 6: .
Sent 7: The Carthaginians originally came from the area comprising present-day Lebanon, and from their bases in North Africa and what's now Spain, they challenged the Roman Empire for domination of the Mediterranean region.
Sent 8: Their interest in Ibiza lay partly in its vast salt flats, which to this day remain the source of a profitable industry.
Sent 9: They capitalized on the natural resources by using the salt to cure fish, which they exported to their home country.
Sent 10: The Carthaginians also carried out lead mining and continued to be of significance up until this century.
Sent 11: It is believed that the lead pellets which were used by the Carthaginian general Hannibal were made on Ibiza.
Sent 12: The Carthaginians also considered the island a holy place, and here in great splendour they buried thousands of their citizens in a huge necropolis on the Puig des Molins (Hill of the Windmills) below the Dalt Vila (Old Town) of Ibiza.
Sent 13: Under the gnarled olive trees archaeologists have uncovered a treasure trove of statues, jewellery, pitchers, tools, and coins, which are now displayed in the town's two archaeological museums.
Sent 14: The Romans never really infiltrated Ibiza, and even after the defeat of Hannibal in 202 b.c.
Sent 15: during the Second Punic War their influence was restrained.
Sent 16: Only with the fall of Carthage in 146 b.c.
Sent 17: did they manage to make inroads, but, as local historians stress, Ibiza was neither conquered nor annexed by Rome, but confederated, retaining remarkable autonomy.
Sent 18: For centuries to come the old Carthaginian traditions were allowed to continue on Ibiza alongside the new Roman way of life.

Question: What are some of the groups of people that went to island Ibosim? (true/0)

Question: What did Carthaginians capitalize on in Ibiza? (false/1)

Lead mining
Slave work
Salt to cure fish
The natural resources

Question: What different names were given to Ibiza's key location between Africa and ancient Iberia? (false/2)

Molins
Yebisah
Ebusus
Dalt Villa
Ebysos
Phoenician traders, who called the island Ibosim. The Greeks dubbed it Ebysos, the Romans called it Ebusus, and the Moors, Yebisah

Question: What historic group hailing from present day Lebanon, settled on the island in 7th century BC? (true/3)

Romans
Greek
Carthaginians
Ebysos

Question: How did ancient settlers called Ibiza? (false/4)

Question: On which Mediterranean islands the relicts of prehistoric settlements were found? (true/5)

Ibiza, Mallorca, Menorca, Formentera
Ibiza
Naples
Sicily

Question: What was the Greek name for Ibiza? (false/6)

Question: Why did the Carthaginians want Ibiza? (false/7)

Question: Who never really infiltrated the island and had restrained influence in the Second Punic War? (true/8)

The Romans
Carthaginians

Question: What human developmental Age is evidenced at the monument Ca Na Costa? (true/9)

Ordered
Stone age
The Bronze Age

Question: What island was dubbed "Ebysos" by the Greeks? (false/10)

Ibiza
Naples
Formentera

Question: What did the Carthaginians want from Ibiza? (false/11)

Paragraph: (History-Anthropology/oanc-Algarve-Intro-1.txt)
Sent 1: For much of the world, the Algarve is synonymous with Portugal, yet the Portuguese will tell you the exact opposite: the region has little in common with the rest of the country.
Sent 2: The southern stretch of coast is more reminiscent of a North African landscape than a European one.
Sent 3: It has no cosmopolitan cities, like Lisbon and Porto, which are farther north.
Sent 4: Most of Portugal is known for quaint towns, medieval castles, and grand palaces.
Sent 5: The Algarve is more recognizable for impenetrable blocks of tourist apartments, hotels, and meticulously manicured golf courses.
Sent 6: And beaches.
Sent 7: Think Algarve and the mind pictures long, glorious stretches of golden sands, secluded coves framed by odd ochre-colored rock formations, and deep green waters.
Sent 8: With about 160 km (100 miles) of coastline, Portugal's southern province is one of Europe's premier beach destinations.
Sent 9: The occasionally chilly ocean is the Atlantic, but the Algarve has a sultry Mediterranean feel.
Sent 10: Its consistent climate is the best in Portugal, and one of the kindest in the world: more than 250 days of sunshine a year — more than almost any other international resort area.
Sent 11: The moderating effect of the Gulf Stream produces a fresh springtime breeze throughout winter, and in late January and February, white almond blossoms blanket the fields.
Sent 12: In summer the heat is intense but rarely unbearable, and regardless, beautiful beaches and innumerable pools are always just a dive away.
Sent 13: Magnificent year-round weather has made the Algarve a huge destination for sporting vacations.
Sent 14: Superb golf facilities abound — several with tees dramatically clinging to cliffs and fairways just skirting the edge of the ocean — and horseback riding, tennis, big-game fishing, sailing, and windsurfing are immensely popular.
Sent 15: Sports, beaches and hospitable weather — not to mention easily organized package vacations — are surely the reasons the Algarve receives as many visitors as the rest of Portugal in its entirety.
Sent 16: But it's not just international tourists that descend on the Algarve; many Portuguese from Lisbon and elsewhere in the north have holiday homes and spend their summer vacations here.
Sent 17: The coast is neatly divided into the rugged Barlavento to the west and the flat beauty of Sotavento to the east.
Sent 18: West is where you'll find the famous orange cliffs and surreal eroded rock stacks.

Question: What notable geological features are located west of Algarve? (true/0)

Question: Which province of Portugal contains no cosmopolitan cities? (true/1)

Question: How many areas is the country divided into? (false/2)

Question: What part of Portugal is not representative of the country's "quaint towns, medieval castles, and grand palaces?" (true/3)

Question: What region of Portugal is known for its beaches? (false/4)

Orange cliffs
Porto
The Algarve
Lisbon

Question: The Algarve has approximately how many miles of coast line? (false/5)

Question: Beautiful Mediterranean weather year round allows for the tourists of Algarve to engage in what types of activities? (true/6)

Question: What southern stretch of coast is more reminiscent of a North African landscape than a European one? (true/7)

Question: Which part of Portugal is known for tourist hotels, beaches, and golfing resorts? (false/8)

Question: In which direction is the Algarve coastline from Lisbon? (true/9)

North
West
South

Question: Which division of the Algarve coast has the orange cliffs and rock stacks? (true/10)

Question: Which region of Portugal gets the most sunshine on an average year? (true/11)

Question: How many days of sunshine does the Algarve receive each year? (true/12)

Question: The Algarve has about how many miles of coastline? (true/13)

Question: Is Algave known for its beaches and golf courses? (false/14)

Ocean
Unsure
No
It should be

Question: As a number, how many cosmopolitan cities does Algarve have? (false/15)

One
2
None

Question: Is the Algarve known for quaint towns, medieval castles, and grand palaces? (true/16)

Clearly
No
It has lots of quaint towns
Partially
No it is known for beaches and golf
No, the Algarve region is mostly known for the many luxurious tourist apartments, hotels, golf courses, and beaches

Question: Aside from tourist apartments, hotels, and meticulously manicured golf courses, Algarve is known for what among tourists? (false/17)

Quaint towns, medieval castles, and grand palaces
Mountains
Impenetrable blocks of tourist apartments, hotels, and meticulously manicured golf courses
Beaches

Question: Residents of which cosmopolitan Portuguese city flock to the Algarve for vacation? (true/18)

Question: What land has no cosmopolitan cities, like Lisbon and Porto which are farther north? (true/19)

Question: Which part of Portugal is not known for quaint cities? (false/20)

Question: According to the text, coastal Algarve is similar to what region of the world? (true/21)

Question: Is the Algarve weather most intense during the winter or summer months? (true/22)

Winter
Fall
Summer
Hot

Paragraph: (History-Anthropology/oanc-HistoryMalaysia-8.txt)
Sent 1: The White Rajahs of Borneo: In the 19th century, Borneo remained relatively undeveloped.
Sent 2: Balanini pirates, fervent Muslims, disputed the coast of northeastern Borneo (modern Sabah) with the sultanate of Brunei.
Sent 3: Sarawak's coast and jungle interior were controlled by the Iban — Sea Dayak pirates and Land Dayak slash-and-burn farmers.
Sent 4: (The Dayaks practiced head-hunting, a ritual that was believed to bring spiritual energy to their communities.
Sent 5: ) The region was unproductive and without great resources, except for the Sarawak river valley, where the Chinese mined for gold and antimony.
Sent 6: Brunei chiefs traded the metals through Americans in Singapore.
Sent 7: In 1839, the governor of Singapore sent James Brooke (1803–1868) to promote trade links with the Sultan of Brunei.
Sent 8: He had been an audacious cavalry officer in the Anglo-Burmese wars and now exploited the situation for his own benefit.
Sent 9: In exchange for helping the regent end a revolt of uppity Malay chiefs, Brooke was made Rajah of Sarawak in 1841, with his capital in Kuching (founded by the Malays just 11 years earlier).
Sent 10: He tried to halt the Dayaks' piracy and head-hunting while defending their more "morally acceptable" customs.
Sent 11: His attempts to limit the opium trade met with resistance by the Chinese in Bau, who revolted.
Sent 12: His counter-attack with Dayak warriors drove the Chinese out of Bau and across the Sarawak border.
Sent 13: Thereafter, Chinese settlement was discouraged and did not achieve the commercial dominance it enjoyed on the peninsula.
Sent 14: In 1863, Brooke retired to Britain, handing Sarawak over to his nephew Charles.
Sent 15: More reserved and remote but a better administrator and financier than his uncle, Charles Brooke imposed on his men his own austere, efficient style of life.
Sent 16: He brought Dayak leaders onto his ruling council but favored the time-honored colonial practice of divide-and-rule by pitting one tribe against another to keep the peace.
Sent 17: Northeast Borneo (Sabah) was "rented" from the Sultan of Brunei by British businessman Alfred Dent.
Sent 18: Dent was operating a royal charter for the British North Borneo Company — a charter similar to that of the EIC.

Question: Which groups fought for control of Borneo in the 19th Century? (false/0)

Chinese
Japan
Dayak
Muslims, Balanini pirates, Iban (Sea Dayak pirates and Land Dayak slash-and-burn farmers)
Japanese Samurai
Singapore
Balanani pirates, Muslims, Iban, Chinese
American strike force operating out of Singapore

Paragraph: (History-Anthropology/oanc-HistoryMallorca-2.txt)
Sent 1: The Reconquest: The aim of the Crusades in Spain was the eviction of the Muslims.
Sent 2: After the recovery of Jerusalem in 1099, it took four hundred years of sieges and battles, treaties, betrayals, and yet more battles, before Christian kings and warlords succeeded in subduing the Moors.
Sent 3: On 10 September 1229, a Catalan army led by King Jaume I of Aragón and Catalunya took the Mallorcan shore near the present-day resort of Santa Ponça.
Sent 4: The defenders retreated inside the walls of Palma, but on the last day of 1229 the city fell, and pockets of resistance throughout the island were also defeated.
Sent 5: Jaume I proved to be an enlightened ruler who profited from the talents of the Moors — converted by force to Christianity — as well as of the island's large Jewish and Genoese trading communities.
Sent 6: Mallorca prospered.
Sent 7: The Moors on Menorca speedily agreed to pay an annual tribute to Aragón and were left in peace.
Sent 8: The island's tranquility lasted until 1287, when Alfonso III of Aragón, smarting over a series of humiliations at the hands of his nobles, found a pretext for invasion.
Sent 9: The Moors were defeated and expelled or killed.
Sent 10: In contrast to Mallorca, Menorca's economy was devastated for decades.
Sent 11: Jaume I died after reigning in Aragón for six decades, but he made the cardinal error of dividing between his sons the lands he had fought for so long to unite.
Sent 12: At first this resulted in an Independent Kingdom of Mallorca, under Jaume II, followed by Sanç and Jaume III.
Sent 13: But family rivalry triggered the overthrow of Jaume III by his cousin Pedro IV, who then seized the Balearics for Aragón.
Sent 14: Attempting a comeback, Jaume was killed in battle near Llucmajor in 1349.
Sent 15: A newly unified Christian Spain under the Catholic Monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabella, completed the Reconquest, defeating the only Moorish enclave left on the Iberian peninsula, Granada, in 1492.
Sent 16: However, the centralized kingdom failed to incorporate the Balearics politically or economically.

Question: What did the moors try to do to keep the peace and this this keep them from being subdued? (true/0)

Pay an annual tribute
The Moors on Menorca speedily agreed to pay an annual tribute to AragÃ³n and were left in peace
Sign a peace treaty
Allowed Aragon access to trading communities
The moors agreed to be slaves
The Moors were finally subdued but at one time paid annual tribute to be left in peace
Agreed to pay an annual tribute to Aragon

Question: Who led the army that caused the fall of the city of Palma? (false/1)

Question: Although the Moors speedily agreed to pay an annual tribute to Aragón, what happened to them? (false/2)

killed
Economy was devastated
The Moors were forced to convert to Christianity
The Moors were defeated and expelled or killed after an invasion
Expelled
Defeated
Islandâs tranquility lasted
The Moors were defeated and expelled or killed
They were left in peace

Question: What kind of ruler was King Jaume 1? (true/3)

Question: What caused a tranquility on the island of Menorca that lasted until 1287? (true/4)

Pay an annual tribute
The Moors converted to Christianity
The annual tribute that the Moors agreed to pay to Alfonso III
Contrast to Mallorca
Juame I was an enlightened leader
The conversion to Christianity
The Moors on Menorca agreed to pay an annual tribute to Aragón

Question: What was the purpose of the many battles in Spain and how long did it take (true/5)

The purpose of the battle was to rid of the muslims which took about 400 years
To subdue the Moors
To end Christain Spain
To unify spain
The aim of the Crusades in Spain was the eviction of the Muslims
400 years
To retake the land
200 years

Question: Who took the Mallorcan shore what happened to the defenders? (true/6)

An army led by King Pedro
They were killed
They were taken captive
It was taken by King Jaume. They defenders retreated but were later defeated
The defenders retreated inside the walls of Palma,
King Jaume I of AragÃ³n
An army led by King Jaume of Aragon
They retreated
King Henry

Question: Where did the defenders go when a Catalan army led by King Jaume I of Aragón and Catalunya took the Mallorcan shore near the present-day resort of Santa Ponça. (false/7)

Question: Why was Menorca's economy devastated for decades? (false/8)

Alfonso III of Aragón found a pretext for invasion
They converted to Christianity
Annual tribute to AragÃ³n
Because the Moors were defeated by the invasion led by Alfonso III of AragÃ³n
Alfonso III of AragÃ³n invaded
Due to a series of humiliations at the hands of the nobles
Contrast to Mallorca
The Moors had to pay tribute to Aragon

Question: What three things did we learn about the Moors? (false/9)

It took 400 years to subdue them, they paid tribute to keep peace, and the last Moorish enclave was defeated in 1492
They were slaves
They had talents that could be used by Spain, they speedily paid tribute, despite all efforts they were still defeated/killed
Only to be killed
Paid a tribute to be left alone
They tried to survive
Were eventually killed
The Moors reigned after 1492, it took 200 years to subdue them, and they ultimately conquered over Christian Spain
Then they were free

Question: Jaume was defeated by whom and died in what year? (true/10)

In 1229 by Alfonso III
He was overthrown by his mother
Family rivalry triggered the overthrow of Jaume III by his cousin Pedro IV, who then seized the Balearics for AragÃ³n. Sent 14: Attempting a comeback, Jaume was killed in battle near Llucmajor in 1349
killed in battle Llucmajor in 1349
Pedro IV
Jaume was killed by his cousin Pedro the IV in the year 1349

Paragraph: (History-Anthropology/oanc-HistoryJapan-12.txt)
Sent 1: Triumph and Disaster: The 20th century saw a stupendous release of energies that had been pent up for the 250 years of Tokugawa isolation.
Sent 2: By 1930 raw-material production had tripled the figure of 1900, manufactured goods had increased twelve-fold, and heavy industry was galloping towards maturity.
Sent 3: Britain led the World War I Ailies in large orders for munitions, while Japan expanded sales of manufactured goods to Asian and other markets cut off from their usual European suppliers.
Sent 4: Merchant shipping doubled in size and increased its income ten-fold as the European fleets were destroyed.
Sent 5: Setbacks in the 1930s caused by the European postwar slump were only a spur to redouble efforts by diversifying heavy industry into the machine-making, metallurgical, and chemical sectors.
Sent 6: Even the terrible 1923 Tokyo earthquake, which cost over 100,000 lives and billions of dollars, provided another stimulus due to the construction boom that followed.
Sent 7: Riding the crest of this economic upsurge were the zaibatsu conglomerates — a dozen family-run combines, each involved in mining, manufacturing, marketing, shipping, and banking.
Sent 8: These tightly controlled commercial pyramids were the true heirs to the old feudal structures.
Sent 9: Japan's progress toward parliamentary democracy was halted in the 1930s by the growing nationalism being imposed on government by the generals and admirals.
Sent 10: They proclaimed Japan's mission to bring progress to its backward Asian neighbors in language not so very different from that of the Europeans in Africa or the US in Latin America.
Sent 11: After the Russian Revolution of 1917, the Soviet Union was regarded as a major threat to Japan's security, and the army felt it needed Manchuria and whatever other Chinese territory it could control as a buffer against Russian advances.
Sent 12: In 1931 the Japanese occupied Manchuria.
Sent 13: And then in 1937, with the popular support of ultra-right-wing groups, the army overrode parliamentary resistance in Tokyo and went to war against the Chinese Nationalists.
Sent 14: By 1938, they held Nanking, Hankow, and Canton.
Sent 15: Japanese expansionist policies were leading to direct confrontation with the West.
Sent 16: Japan hoped that war in Europe would divert the Soviet Union from interference in East Asia, giving Japan a free hand both in China and, through its alliance with Germany, in French IndoChina after the defeat of France.
Sent 17: The US responded to the Japanese invasion of IndoChina with a trade and fuel embargo, cutting off 90 percent of Japan's supplies.
Sent 18: The result was the attack on the American fleet at Pearl Harbor (7 December 1941) and total war.

Question: What act against Japan resulted in the attack on Pearl Harbor? (false/0)

Question: What resulted in the attack on the American fleet at Pearl Harbor? (true/1)

The trade and fuel embargo
War with the Chinese nationalists
The war in Europe
The United State's trade and fuel embargo made against Japan
Japan's alliance with Germany
The US trade and fuel embargo on Japan
The Japanese invasion of Britian

Question: How long after occupying Manchuria did Japan hold Nanking? (false/2)

Question: What country held possession of Nanking, Hankow, and Canton by 1938? (true/3)

Question: Who proclaimed Japan's mission to bring progress to its backward Asian neighbors? (true/4)

Question: What event allowed the zaibatsu conglomerates to take advantage of an economic upsurge? (true/5)

Question: Why did japan occupy Manchuria in 1931? (true/6)

To build ships
Japan believed it needed the territory to buffer against Russian advances
As a buffer against Russian advances
To build a defensive area against the Russians
To buffer against Chinese advances
To spread Japanese culture
To protect japan from Russian invasion

Question: What were a few of the tightly controlled commercial pyramids in Japan? (true/7)

Mining, manufacturing, marketing, shipping, and banking
Combines involved in mining, manufacturing, marketing, shipping, and banking
Zaibatsu conglomerates
Expansionists
A dozen family run combines of different industries
Banking and shipping combines
Trades
Ultr-right wing groups