Paragraph: (History-Anthropology/oanc-Algarve-History-3.txt)
Sent 1: To protect its seagoing interests and trade routes, Portugal established strategic garrisons in Goa (India), Malacca (East Indies), and Hormuz in the Persian Gulf.
Sent 2: Portuguese explorers then embarked upon Macau (now Macao), the Congo, and various other parts of Africa, including the Sudan.
Sent 3: The Portuguese policy was to avoid armed strife and to develop a trade empire, rather than to conquer nations.
Sent 4: To this end it succeeded with relatively few blood-soaked episodes in its colonial history.
Sent 5: Adventures abroad, however, proved disastrous during the second half of the 16th century.
Sent 6: In 1557 the 14-year-old boy-king Sebastião ascended the throne, the beginning of a calamitous reign that was to end at the battle of Alcacer-Quiber (Morocco) in pursuit of a vain crusade.
Sent 7: Sebastião's untimely demise, alongside some 18,000 ill-prepared, badly led followers, set the stage for a crisis of succession.
Sent 8: For many years afterwards, legends and rumors bizarrely insisted that the king was still alive, and imposters turned up from time to time claiming the throne; those who were plausible enough to be deemed a threat were summarily executed.
Sent 9: In fact, the only rightful claimant to the crown was the elderly Prince Henry.
Sent 10: But after two years of alternating between the throne and his sickbed, he died, heirless.
Sent 11: Surveying the situation and smelling an opportunity, Spain occupied the power vacuum, and Portugal's neighbor and long-time antagonist became its master.
Sent 12: Spanish rule dictated Portugal's inadvertent involvement in Spain's ongoing wars.
Sent 13: In 1587 a squadron of British ships commanded by Francis Drake attacked the Algarve (now a "legitimate target" as Spanish territory) and sacked Sagres, thus depriving the world of the relics of Henry the Navigator.
Sent 14: Nine years later Faro was torched.
Sent 15: The 1386 Treaty of Windsor, by which Britain and Portugal had pledged eternal friendship, seemed a distant memory.
Sent 16: Portugal's empire was gradually eroded, and many of its trading posts (with the notable exception of Brazil) were picked off by the British and Dutch.
Sent 17: Finally, after 60 years of Spanish rule, Portuguese noblemen (aided by the French, then at war with Spain) organized a palace coup and restored independence.
Sent 18: The Great Disaster Portugal's greatest misfortune struck on All Saint's Day, 1 November 1755.

Question: Who became sick and died heirless? (true/0)

Francis Drake
Francis Drake became sick
Prince Henry became sick
Prince Henry

Question: Why was Portugal's conquest of many ports said to not be "blood-soaked"? (false/1)

They made the survivors leave the area
Because Portuguese chose to avoid armed strife and to develop a trade instead
Because Portuguese noblemen organized a palace coup
They didn't kill the survivors
The Portuguese policy was to avoid armed strife and to develop a trade empire, rather than to conquer nations. To this end it succeeded with relatively few blood-soaked episodes in its colonial history
They made the survivors slaves
They sought to develop trade routes, not conquer nations
Because the 1386 Treaty of Windsor forbade it

Question: The death of Sebastião and 18,000 followers was precipitated by what event? (false/2)

Question: What happened during Sebastião's reign as king? (true/3)

Nothing
His reign ended at the Battle of Morocco
He died after two years
Sebastião ascended the throne at 14, and died as a result of the battle of Alcacer-Quiber (Morocco). It was rumored that he survived
The end of the battle of Alcacer-Quiber
They conquered a nation

Question: The Great Disaster occurred how many years after the sacking of Sagres? (true/4)

200
60 years later
168
168 years after sacking of Sagres

Question: In what year was Faro burned? (false/5)

Question: What happened to Prince Henry? (true/6)

HE had a baby
He was the only rightful claimant to the throne, but he died after two years of alternating between the throne and his sickbed
He was the greatest ruler
He died
He died at the throne
He ruled for a full term

Question: What action by Francis Drake, made the 1386 Treaty of Windsor a distant memory? (true/7)

Francis Drake slaughtered a whole village with his men
When SebastiÃ£o ascended the throne
Drake lead a peace keeping meeting that ended in fighting
Francis Drake led British ships in attacking Algarve and sacking Sagres
When Francis Drake attacked the Algarve
Francis Drake attacked the Algarve (now a âlegitimate targetâ as Spanish territory) and sacked Sagres, thus depriving the world of the relics of Henry the Navigator
Drake broke the treaty
When the British refused to destroy Faro
When Faro was torched

Question: What ended the pledge of eternal peace with England? (false/8)

Spain's new involvement with Portugal caused Portugal to become enmeshed in Spain's war with Britain and the British attached Portugal
Treaty of Windsor
The Great Disaster
Prince Henry
Treaty of Portugal

Question: How long after Sebastião ascended to the throne did British ships commanded by Francis Drake sack Sagres? (true/9)

Question: Which king's death was followed by legends and rumors bizarrely insisting that he was still alive? (true/10)

Question: Sebastião took the throne how many years before the attack on the Algarve by the British? (true/11)

1557-1587
30
30 years before
20

Question: Why was the Algarve considered a legitimate target when it was attacked by Francis Drake? (true/12)

Because it was torched
It was spanish territory
Spain took control of Portugal which meant Portugal became involved in Spain's wars
Because Sagres did not have to be sacked
Francis drake was on it

Question: What policy played an important role in helping Portugal to have relatively few blood-soaked episodes in its colonial history? (false/13)

They conquered many nations
Treaty of Windsor
They avoided armed strife and developed a trade empire
To avoid armed strife and to develop a trade empire, rather than to conquer nations
Portugal wanted to avoid armed strife and to develop a trade empire, rather than to conquer nations

Question: Who died after two years of alternating between the throne and his sickbed? (true/14)

Francis Drake
SebastiÃ£oâs
Prince Henry

Question: How easy was it for Portugal to expand? (false/15)

Easy to some extent, because of their strategic garrisons
It was easy
Portugal developed a trade empire rather than deal with bloodshed, but there were difficult times during the second half of the 16th century
Difficult
It was hard throughout

Question: Why was Portugal able to avoid "blood-soaked" incidents prior to 1557? (false/16)

Treaty of Windsor
They avoided armed strife and developed a trade empire
Their interest was in establishing trade, not conquering nations
Because it wanted to avoid armed strife and to develop a trade empire, rather than to conquer nations
They would conquer nations

Question: What created a crisis of succession following this era of increased trade? (false/17)

They conquered Congo
SebastiÃ£oâs demise
Sebastiao died
Sebastiao led 18,000 followers in a vain crusade in Morocco which led to their deaths
They conquered Sudan
When Faro was torched

Question: Before the restoration of Portuguese control, what Portuguese holdings were taken over by the British and the Dutch? (true/18)